central nervous system slide 1

1. Pharmacological Study of
General anaesthesia
presented by
AKSHIT NAVERIA

2. FACILITIES SURGURY
FOUR STAGES
1.ANALGESIA
2.EXCITEMENT
3.SURGICAL ANESTHETISIA
4.MEDULLARY DEPRESSION

3. MECHANISM OF ACTION OF VOLATILE ANAESTHETIC
DRUG
1.The full mechanism of action of volatile anesthetic
not known.
2.MAC(MINIMAL ALVEOLAR CONCENTRATION)
The lowest concentration of the anesthetic in
pulmonary alveoli need to produce immobility in
response to painful stimulus(surgical incision 50%)
3.Drug pumping through machine into the lungs they
spread blood to tissue .

4. Pharmacokinetic of inhalation anaesthetics
Inhalation anaesthetics are gases or vapours that
diffuse rapidly across pulmonary alveoli and tissue
barrier.
ALVEOLI BLOOD BRAIN
ELIMINATION
Elimination by respiration but halothane and
isoflurane 20% in liver

5. TECHNIQUES OF INHALATION OF ANESTHETICS
1.Opendrop method
2.Anesthetic machine
(a)Open system
(b)Semi closed system
(c)Closed system
PROPERTIES OF IDEAL ANESTHETIC
1.For patient.
2.For surgeon.
3.For anaesthetist.

6. GENERAL ANESTHETICS
INHALATION ANESTHETICS
DRUGS
1.ETHER
2.N.O
3.HALOTHANE
4.ENFLURANE
5.ISOFLURANE
5.1 .DESOFLURANE,
SEVOFLURANE

7. INTRAVENOUS ANESTHETICS
DRUGS
1.THIOPENTONE SODIUM
2.PROPOFOL
3.ETHOMIDATE
4.DIZAPAM
5.KETAMINE
6.FENTANYL

8. PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTION OF INTRAVENOUS ANAESTHETICS
HR-HEART RATE,BP-BLOOD PRESSURE,RESP-RESPIRATORY DRIVE,CBF-CEREBRAL
BLOOD FLOW(CHANGE IN INTRACRANIAL PRESSURE)
S.NO ANAESTHETIC DRUG H.R BP RESP. CBF
1. THIOPENTONE ↑↑ ↓↓ ↓↓ ↓↓↓
2. PROPOFOL ↓ ↓↓↓ ↓↓↓ ↓↓↓
3. ETHOMIDATE ↑ ↓ ↓ ↓↓↓
4. DIAZEPAN ↓ ↓↓ ↓↓
5. KETAMINE ↑↑ ↑↑ − ↑↑↑
6. FENTANYL ↓ ↓ ↓↓↓ ↓

9. DOSES OF IV ANAESTHETICS
• 1.THIOPENTONE SODIUM-(3-5MG/KG)
• 2-PROPOFOL (2MG/KG)
• 3-ETHOMIDATE(0.2-0.5MG/KG)
• 4-DIAZEPAM-(0.2-0.5MG/KG)
• 5.KETAMINE-(1.5-3MG/KG)AVERAGE
• 6.FENTANYL-(2-4ųg/KG)
• IV DRUS ARE OF TWO TYPES
• 1.FAST ACTING DRUG(11 SEC)TIME DURATION
• 2-SLOW ACTING (5-10MIN)

10. PREANAESTHETIC MEDICATION
These drugs used for before medication to make it
more pleasant and safe.
1.Sedative antianxiety drug(dizepam5-10mg&lorazepam
2mgoral)
2.Opiodes(morphine10mg i/m)
3.Anticholinergics (atropine0.6mg&glycopyrulate0.2mg i/v)
4.Neuroleptics (chlorpromazine25mg,triflupromazine10mg
i/m)
5.H2 blocker or proton pump
inhibitors(ranitidine150mg,omeparazole20mg,pantoprazole
40mgi/v)
5.Antiemetics (metopramide10-20mg i/m).

11. THANKYOU