Sample master's thesis presentation

1. Association between
smartphone usage and daily
mood in international university
students
Bappi Md Azmol Hossain

2. Association between
Smartphone usage
(TST) and Loneliness
• A positive within person association between smartphone
usage and loneliness.
• When students felt lonelier than usual, they usage more
smartphone (i.e., .183 hour) than their average (4.48).

3. Association between Smartphone usage (app
use) and Loneliness
Didn’t find any significant association between app
usage and loneliness.

4. Association between
Smartphone usage
(TST) and Depression
• A positive within-person association between smartphone
usage and depression.
• When students felt depressed than usual, they usage more
smartphone (i.e., .17 hour) than their average (4.23).

5. Association between Smartphone usage ( Communication
app use) and Depression
• A Negative but non significant
within person and a significant
between person positive
association found between
communication app use and
Depression.
• Students momentarily felt less
depressed when talking or chating
with family and friends but
spending more time than their
usual with these apps (Messenger,
WhatsApp, etc) makes them more
depressed than their average.

6. Association between Smartphone usage ( Entertainment
app use) and Depression
• A positive significant within person
association found between
entertainment app use and Depression.
• Spending more time than average in
Youtube, game, etc. can be a strong
predictor for depression.
• Recreation is important if you are living
alone, But a control over one’s usage is
important.
• Perhaps spend more time with one’s
community and more face to face
conversation can lead spending less
time with digital entertainment and can
reduce depression.

7. Association between Smartphone usage
(TST) and Stress and Anxiety
• Didn’t find any significant association between smartphone usage in
general (Total Screen Time) with Stress and Anxiety.

8. Association between Smartphone usage (Entertainment
app use) and Stress
• Positive within and between
person (but not significant)
association with the following
result.
• When studetns felt more Stress
they spends more time with
streaming or gaming apps.

9. Association between Smartphone usage (Entertainment
app use) and Anxiety
Positive within and between person (but not
significant) association with the following
result.
When students feel more anxious, spend more
time with streaming or gaming apps.
Perhaps there is a natural tendency among
students to skip their negative feelings by
using smartphones and specifically for
recreation purposes, but it does not work as
they intended, or higher education students are
by default always in a negative mood.
These phenomena drive me to identify the
association of positive and negative moods,
arousal (high and low), and valence (positive
and negative) with smartphone usage.

10. Association between Smartphone
usage (communication app use) and
low arousal negative affect (LANA)
• LANA: Sluggish, Bored, and
Sad
• Negative within person but
positive between-person
association with the following
result
• A participant momentarily felt
more sluggish, bored and sad
than their average when they
spend less with
Communication apps time
than their average but on the
other hand a student who spent
more time with these apps felt
more negative with these
feeling.
• Positive result is consistent
with depression.

11. Association between Smartphone
usage (Entertainment app use) and
low arousal negative affect (LANA) • LANA: Sluggish, Bored, and Sad
• Positive within person association
with the following result
• A participant momentarily felt
more sluggish, bored and sad than
their average when they spend
more time with entertainment app.
• Positive result is consistent with
depression.
• Participants may felt they waste
valuable time without productivity
which may makes them felt like
this.

12. Association between Smartphone usage (communication
app use) and high arousal negative affect (HANA)
HANA: Anxious, Annoyed, and Upset
Negative within-person but a positive between-
person association
A participant momentarily felt more anxious,
annoyed, and upset than their average when they
spent less on Communication apps time than their
average. Still, on the other hand, a student who spent
more time with these apps felt more negative with
these feelings.
Positive result is consistent with depression.

13. Association between Smartphone usage (entertainment
app use) and high arousal negative affect (HANA)
HANA: Anxious, Annoyed, and Upset
Positive within-person association
A participant momentarily felt more
anxious, annoyed, and upset than their
average when they spent more time
with entertainment apps
Positive result is consistent with stress
and Depression.

14. Association between Smartphone usage (App
use) and Positive affect
This study failed to find any association between smartphone usage
and positive mood/affect in international university students.

15. Conclusion: Smartphone usage and mood
• It seems tempting for students to use apps like Messenger, WhatsApp, and YouTube while
experiencing depression, stress, anxiety, bored, or sad.
• Students may feel a momentary relief when spending longer time talking or chatting with family or
friends (e.g., someday), but the feeling is not consistent. If a student who spends more time
regularly turns out, they experience more depression, stress, anxiety, and other negative emotions.
• International students typically seem to have busy schedules with lab or academic work, part-time
work, cooking, and most importantly, seeking a career goal which may lead someone to feel
constant depression, stress, or anxiety.
• And students may want to escape this thought for a moment and try to spend some time for
recreation but losing control over using these apps or spending so much time may make someone
feel unproductive and arouse negative feelings.
• Further research is needed where it is necessary to find out why students feel like these; if a student
feels depressed for a moment, researchers need to ask what they think about their current mood,
which can give a more precise understanding.

16. Association between smartphone usage (total screen time)
and sleep hour
Negative within-person
association between total
screen time and sleep.
Students experienced less
sleep time when they had
longer screen time.

17. Association between smartphone app usage and sleep
Negative within-person association
with social network site use and
sleep hour.
Students experienced less sleep time
when they spent longer time in social
network system.

18. Association between smartphone or app usage and the
number of awakening in sleep
No association found between smartphone or app usage with the
number of awakening in sleep.

19. Association between smartphone or app
usage and sleep efficiency
No association found between smartphone or app usage with sleep
efficiency.

20. Association between smartphone or app usage and
Wakefulness After Sleep Onset (WASO)
No association found between smartphone or app usage with
wakefullness after sleep onset (WASO)

21. Association between smartphone usage (Total Screen Time) with physical activity
(Moderate to Vigorous physical activity- MVPA)
A negative within and between
person (moderately significant)
association with physical activity
(MVPA).
Students spend less time with
physical activity when they spend
more time with their smartphones.

22. Association between smartphone app usage (communication app) with physical activity
A negative between person
association with communication app
use and physical activity (MVPA).
Students who spend less time with
physical activity spend more time
using communication app.

23. Association between smartphone app usage (entertainment app) with physical activity
A negative within-person association
with entertainment app use and
physical activity (MVPA).
When students spend less time with
physical activity, they spend more
time using entertainment app.

24. Association between smartphone usage (Total Screen Time) with physical activity (Step
Counts)
A negative within-person association
with physical activity (step counts).
When students spend less time with
walking, they spend more time with
their smartphones.

25. Association between smartphone app usage (SNS and Entertainment app) with physical
activity (Step Counts)
A negative within-person association
with physical activity (step counts).
When students spend less time with
walking, they spend more time with
their smartphones either using SNS
or entertainment apps.

26. Association between smartphone usage (Total Screen Time) with Sedentary time
A positive within-person association
with sedentary time.
When students spend more time
sedentarily, they spend more time
with their smartphones.

27. Association between smartphone app usage
with Sedentary time
No association found between specific smartphone app usage with
sedentary time.

28. Thank you so much for listening