3. What is
Computer?
A computer is an electronic machine
that collects information, stores it,
processes it according to user
instructions, and then returns the
result.
4. Computer Literacy and Information Literacy
• Computer literacy
• Having skills in using productivity software.
• Information literacy
• Understanding the role of information in generating and using business
intelligence.
• Business intelligence (BI)
• Provides historical, current, and predictive views of business operations and
environments.
• Gives organizations a competitive advantage in the marketplace
5. What is Information System (IS)?
An information system is a combination
of software, hardware, and
telecommunication networks to collect
useful data, especially in an
organization. Many businesses use
information technology to complete and
manage their operations, interact with
their consumers, and stay ahead of their
competition.
6. Major Components of Information
Systems:
Data
Database
Process
Information
7.
8. Data
• Input to the system
• Sources of data
• External
• Internal
• Time orientation
• Can be collected in different forms
• Aggregated
• Disaggregated
9. Database
• Heart of an information system.
• Collection of all relevant data organized in a series of integrated files.
• Essential for the success of any information system.
• Managed with database management system (DBMS): e.g., Oracle
• Reduces personnel time needed to gather, process, and interpret data
manually.
10. Process
• Generates the most useful type of information for decision making.
• Generally, includes transaction-processing reports and models for
decision analysis.
• Includes a wide range of models to support all levels of decision
making.
11. Information
• Output of an information system
• Facts that have been analyzed by the process component
• Quality of information
• Timeliness
• Integration with other data and information
• Consistency and accuracy
• Relevance
• User interface
• Must be flexible and easy to use
• Graphical user interfaces (GUIs)
• Ultimate goal of an information system
• Generate business intelligence (BI)
12. Example of Information Systems
• Example 1: a university
• State university stores all student data in a database
• Built-in query capability
• Other types of analysis can be done
• Example 2: Teletech
• International textile company
• Database stores data on products, suppliers, sales personnel, costs
• Process components
• Forecasting models
13. Using Information Systems & Intelligent
Technologies
• Information technologies
• Achieve goals of information systems
• Examples
• Internet
• Databases
• Point Of Sale (POS) Systems
• Radio-frequency identification technology (RFID) tags
14. Information Technologies at Home Depot
• POS system
• Fast customer service
• Improved inventory management
• Wireless network
• Efficient in-store communication
• Web site
• Communicate with customers
• Increase sales with online orders
• RFID tags
• Better manage inventory
15. The Importance of Information Systems
• Information
• Second most important resource in any organization
• Four Ms of resources:
• Manpower
• Machinery
• Materials
• Money
16. The Importance of Information Systems
(cont’d.)
• Personnel Information System (PIS) or Human Resource Information
System (HRIS)
• Designed to provide information that helps decision makers in personnel carry
out their tasks more effectively
• Use Web technologies
• Main difference between an intranet and the Internet
• Intranets are private and the Internet is public
17. The Importance of Information Systems
(cont’d.)
• Logistics Information System (LIS)
• Maintains safe and reliable delivery
• Manufacturing Information System (MFIS)
• Manages manufacturing resources
• Companies can increase product quality, and improve inventory decisions
18. The Importance of Information Systems
(cont’d.)
• Financial Information System (FIS)
• Provides information to financial executives in a timely manner
• Marketing Information System (MKIS)
• Improves marketing decisions
• Provides timely, accurate, and integrated information about the marketing mix
