My talk in National Eye Center, Cairo On 2nd Aug 2017

1. Ophthabet !Ophthabet !
By
Dr.Ahmed Alsherbiny
MSc. Ophth , FICO , FRCS Ophth (Glasg)

2. “ A “

3. A Pattern

4. Causes
• Primary superior oblique
overaction is usually
associated with exodeviation
in the primary position of
gaze.
• Inferior oblique
underaction/palsy with
subsequent superior oblique
overaction.
• Inferior rectus underaction.

5. A Scan
The most common use of the A-scan is to determine eye length
for calculation of IOL power. Briefly, the total refractive power
of the emmetropic eye is approximately 60 D

6. “ B “

7. B Blockers
Beta-blockers reduce IOP by decreasing aqueous production, mediated
by an effect on the ciliary epithelium. In approximately 10% of cases the
response decreases with time (tachyphylaxis), sometimes within only a
few days. There may be limited supplementary effect if a topical beta
blocker is added when a patient already takes a systemic beta-blocker

8. B Scan
is a diagnostic test used in ophthalmology to produce a two-
dimensional, cross-sectional view of the eye and the orbit

9. “ C “

10. C Landolt Chart

11. “ D “

12. D Shaped Pupil
Seen in Iridodialysis

13. D Shaped Structure “ Tarsus“
The upper tarsal plate has a D shape structure lying on its side and is much larger
than the lowers tarsal plate

14. “ E “

15. E Chart
Named tumbling E chart NOT Snellens chart

16. “ F “

17. Focus “ F“
Light parallel to the principal axis is converged to or diverged
from the point F, the principal focus

18. “ G “

19. G “ Gauge “
Abbreviation used to determine the thickness of
ports in vitreoretinal surgeries as 20G , 23G etc

20. G - Probe
Diode LASER for cyclodestruction

21. “ H “

22. H Shaped Incision
the sac is incised in an 'H-shaped' manner to create two flaps

23. H shaped Pattern EOM
Assessment
the patient is asked to follow the target in 'H-shaped' pattern

25. “ I “

26. Image Size “ I “
where I is the image size, O is the object size, v is the distance of the
image from the principal plane,
and u is the distance of the object from the principal plane

27. “ J “

28. J Shaped Retinal Tear

29. “ K “

30. K readings
measures the dioptric power of the cornea as steepest and flatest
meridia

31. “ L “

32. L - Cone

33. L Shaped Retinal Tear

34. “ M “

35. M - Cone

36. M Sign
double peaked spike in A scan of choroidal
detachment

37. M pathway; M cells
Magnocellular cells are neurons located within the magnocellular
layer of the lateral geniculate nucleus
N.B: - “Magna" means “large" in Latin
-The Magnocellular neurons receive their input from Parasol
cells

38. “ N “

39. Nodal point “ N“
the nodal points, via which rays of light pass undeviated

40. “ O “

41. Object Size “ O “
where I is the image size, O is the object size, v is the distance of the
image from the principal plane,
and u is the distance of the object from the principal plane

42. “ P “

43. P pathway; P cells
Parvocellular cells, are neurons located within the parvocellular
layers of the lateral geniculate nucleus
N.B: - "Parvus" means "small" in Latin
-The Parvocellular neurons receive their input from Midget
cells

44. p “ short arm of
chromosome“

45. “ Q “

46. q “ long arm of
chromosome“

47. Q - Switch
a technique by which a laser can be made to
produce a pulsed output beam

48. Q - tip

49. “ R “

50. R “ Retina“

51. “ S “

52. S - Cone

53. S Shaped Upper lid Deformity

54. Causes
1- Neurofibroma
2- Acute dacryoadenitis
3- Pleomorphic adenoma of the lacrimal
gland

55. “ T “

56. T Sign in B-Scan of Posterior
Scleritis
Fluid in the Tenon space may give a characteristic ‘T’ sign, the stem of the
T being formed by the optic nerve and the cross bar by the fluid-
containing gap

57. “ U “

58. U Shaped Retinal Tear

59. U pattern OCT
in successfully repaired macular hole

60. “ V “

61. V - Pattern

62. Causes
• Inferior oblique overaction
associated with fourth nerve palsy.
• Superior oblique underaction with
subsequent inferior oblique
overaction, seen in infantile
esotropia as well as other
childhood esotropias.
• Superior rectus underaction.
• Brown syndrome.
• Craniofacial anomalies featuring
shallow orbits and down-slanting
palpebral fissures.

63. V - Y Plasty
Used mainly for correction of lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion and surgical
correction of Epicanthic folds

64. V pattern OCT
in successfully repaired macular hole

65. “ W “

66. W pattern OCT
in successfully repaired macular hole

67. W – Ganglion Cells
small, 40% of total, broad fields in retina, excitation from
rods, detect direction movement anywhere in the field

68. “ X “

69. X Linked Inheritance

70. X-Linked Dominant Inherited
Ophthalmological Diseases:
1- Alport Syndrome
2- Aiccardi syndrome
3- Inconentia pigmenti

71. X – Ganglion Cells
medium diameter, 55% of total, small field, colour vision.
Sustained response

72. X – Pattern
used to isolate individual muscle action

73. “ X- Pattern “

74. “ Y “

75. Y - V Plasty

76. Y – Ganglion Cells
largest, 5%, very broad dendritic field, respond to rapid eye
movement or rapid change in light intensity. Transient
response.

77. “ Y- Pattern “

78. “ Z “

79. Z- Plasty
Used mainly for correction of lower eyelid cicatricial ectropion and surgical
correction of Epicanthic folds

80. Thank You