The abrasive jet machine is classified as a non-conventional machine and in this slide introduction about it the structure and, advantage, and disadvantage

1. ABRASIVE JET
MACHINE
PREPARED BY : GROUP 1
UNDER SUPERVISION OF : DR SHAMEH SHAWKY

2. CONTENT
2
• INTRODUCTION
• CONSTRUCTURE OF MACHINE
• CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINE
• VARIABLES AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
• PREFORMANCE PARAMETERS
• CUTTING GEOMETRY
• PROBLEM DEFINITION
• APPLICATIONS
• ADVANTAGE
• DISADVANTAGE

3. INTRODUCTION
3
• It is a mechanical energy
based unconventional
machining process used to
remove unwanted material
from a given workpiece.
• The process makes use of an
abrasive jet with high velocity,
to remove material and
provide smooth surface finish
to hard metallic workpieces.

4. Abrasive Jet Machine
4

5. Abrasive Jet Machine
5

6. CONSTRUCTURE OF MACHINE
6
• Dry air or gas is filtered and compressed by passing it through the
filter and compressor.
• A pressure gauge and a flow regulator are used to control the
pressure and regulate the flow rate of the compressed air.
• Compressed air is then passed into the mixing chamber. In the
mixing chamber, abrasive powder is fed. The abrasive powder and
the compressed air are thoroughly mixed in the chamber. The
pressure of this mixture is regulated and sent to nozzle
• The nozzle increases the velocity of the mixture at the expense of its
pressure. A fine abrasive jet is rendered by the nozzle. This jet is
used to remove unwanted material from the workpiece.

7. Conventional Machining
7
• Direct contact of tool and workpiece.
• Cutting tool is always harder than w/p
• Tool life is less due to high wear
• Cannot Be Create a Copmlex Shapes only simple
shapes
• Heat Generated Which Affected The matrial of
workpeace

8. Non-Conventional Machining
8
• Non-Direct contact of tool and workpiece.
• Tool may not be harder and it may not be physical
presence.
• Tool life is more.
• Material removal occur with or without chip
formation .
• Can Create A Complex Shapes and Accurate

9. CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINE
9
• Abrasive
• Abrasive Delivery System
• Air Compressor
• Mixing Chamber
• Motion System
• Work Holding Device
• Nozzle
• Piping System
• Pressure Gauge
• Hopper

10. CONSTRUCTION OF MACHINE
10

11. ABRASIVE
• An Abrasive is Small , Hard
Particle Having a Sharp Edges
and an Irregular Shape
• The most common abrasive
materials used are
aluminium oxide) Al2O3(,
silicon carbide )SiC ( .
Sodium bicarbonates
(NaHCO₃(
• The Average Size for This
Abrasive is Between 10-50
μm
11

12. ABRASIVE DELIVERY
SYSTEM
• Auto abrasive delivery system
has the capability of storing
abrasive & delivery the
abrasive to the bucket . It’s
works auto programming
system by help of once
measuring record & no
adjustment or fine tuning
system . High sensitive sensor
gives extremely reliable &
repeatable .
12

13. MIXING CHAMBER
• The Mixing Chamber Is
Where The Abrasive Mixes
With The High Pressure Air
• The Chamber Is Of Cylindrical
Shape Made Up Of Mild Steel.
• Made From Mild Steel Because
It Has a High Resistance Of
Breakage
13

14. MOTIONSYSTEM
• In order to make precision
parts , an abrasive jet system
must have a precision x-y
table and motion control
system
• Tables Fall Into Three
Categories
III.
I. Floor-mounted gantry
systems
II. Integrated table/gantry
systems
Floor-mounted cantilever
systems
14

15. WORK HOLDING DEVICE
• Work holding refers to any
device that is used to a secure
a work piece and hold it in
place against the forces of
machining
15

16. 16
• Nozzles are the mechanical devices
which increase the velocity of fluid
in exchange of pressure drop
• It Must Be Made From a Material
Having High Resistance to Wear
Like Tungsten Carbide
• Nozzles made of tungsten carbide
have an average life of 12 to 30
hours
NOZZLE
Mixing Chamber
Nozzle

17. PIPING SYSTEMS
• The piping systems are required for carrying
the compressed air from the compressor to
the mixing chamber and from the mixing
chamber to the nozzle orifice via the filter
regulator. It is required to maintain the
pressure in the line without eroding the pipe.
Here nylon braided hoses having 12 mm
internal dia. is provided. This is used because
of long life, light weight, durability and easy
availability
17

18. HOPPER
I. Hopper is mounted on the
top of the mixing chamber.
The purpose of hopper is to
store the abrasive particles
in it. It is then connected to
the mixing chamber by
regulating valve. Top of the
hopper is closed because
abrasive particles will
spread when compressed
air is passed
18

19. VARIABLES AFFECTING PERFORMANCE
19
• The major variables that influence the rate of metal removal and
accuracy of machining in this process are as follows
I. Composition and density of carrier gas
II. Types of abrasive
III. Size of abrasive grain
IV. Velocity of abrasive jet
V. Work piece material
VI. . Nozzle tip distance (stand-off distance)
VII. Mixing ratio

20. PREFORMANCE PARAMETERS
20
• Abrasive Material Al2O3 / SiC / Glass Beads
• Abrasive shapes irregular / spherical
• Abrasive size 10-50 μm
• Mass flow rate 2 ~ 20 gm/min
• Air jet velocity 500 ~ 700 m/s
• Pressure 2-10 bars
• Stand-off distance 0.5 ~ 5 mm
• Nozzle⎯ Material tungsten carbide / sapphire

21. CUTTING GEOMETRY
21
1.00 mm

22. PROBLEM DEFINITION
22
• Many problems are faced during the machining of workpieces by
traditional machining processes. The tool should be harder than
workpiece which may lead to the wearing of tools. Heat generated
between the workpiece and the tool are more. Conventional machining
processes cannot be used to machine glass, plastics and other materials
.Hence unconventional machining processes are suggested to machine
where the tool may not be harder than workpiece. The heat generated is
less when compared to traditional machining process. When we look
into the abrasive jet machining, the main problems faced are the
machine size and the usage of vibratory feeders. The vibratory feeders
are used to avoid the settling of abrasive particles inside the mixing
chamber which makes the size of machine to increase.

23. APPLICATIONS
23
• AJM is Suitable For Machining Heat Sensitive Material Like
Silicon, Gallium Because The Heat Generation During The
Machining Is Very Low.
• AJM Can Be Used For Cleaning Purposes. Removal of Oxides
on Metal
• To Engraving Permanent Mark on The Material.
• For Removal of Parting Lines From Injection Moulded Parts.
• It Is Also Used In Countering, Drilling, Cutting Slot, Thin Sections

24. APPLICATIONS
24
• They are used for machining of thin, brittle, fragile materials
like germanium because of low overall force.
• It’s Used in deburring small hole and some critical zones in
machine parts
• It’s Used To Manufacture Electronics Devices
• A dimensional tolerance of 0.05 mm can be obtained with surface
finish of 0.5 to 1.2 µm.
• Glass product manufacturing industries

25. ADVANTAGE
25
• Surface of the workpiece is cleaned automatically.
• Smooth surface finish can be obtained.
• Equipment cost is low.
• Thin sections of brittle and hard material like ceramic,
glass, and germanium can be machined.
• Very little or no heat generation during the cutting process
• Do not cause hardening of workpiece material.
• Very thick materials can be easily machined.
• No heat affected zones

26. DISADVANTAGE
26
• Metal removal rate is low
• Nozzle life is less (12-300 HR). Nozzle should be maintained
periodically.
• Abrasive Jet Machining cannot be used to machine soft
materials.
• High initial cost
• Environmental pollution
• It cannot be used to drill blind holes.
• Abrasive powder can't be reused because its cutting ability
decreases

27. References
27
• https://www.researchgate.net
• https://www.mecholic.com
• https://www.slideshare.net
• Design and Fabrication of “ABRASIVE JET TURNING
MACHINE”
• Valery Marinov, Manufacturing Technology
• Module 9 Non-conventional machining Version 2 ME, IIT
Kharagpur

28. FLORA@CONTOSO.COM
HTTP://WWW.CONTOSO.COM/
THANKYOU
Created By : Ahmad E. Bakry
‫عل‬ ‫ويزيدنا‬ ‫علمنا‬ ‫بما‬ ‫ينفعنا‬ ‫ان‬ ‫هللا‬ ‫نسأل‬‫ما‬