A brief introduction to how management is evolved and F.W. Taylor contribution is management.

1.  PRESENTED BY: Abbas, Abhishek, Aditi Churasia, Aditi
Srivastava, Aishwarya, Akash, Akhilesh and Akriti
 CONTENTS:
1-TAYLOR’S CONTRIBUTION TO
MANAGEMENT
2-WHAT IS SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT ?
3-MANAGEMENT THEORY BY TAYLOR.
4- MANAGEMNET VIEW.
5-PRINCIPLES OF SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT.
6-CRITICISM FOR TAYLOR’S MANAGEMENT.
7-HOW DO TODAY’S MANAGERS USE
SCIENTIFIC MANAGEMENT??
Management Theory by
F.W.Taylor

2. Taylor’s contribution to
management
 Frederick Winslow Taylor (20 March 1856-21
March 1915), widely known as F. W. Taylor, was
an American mechanical engineer who sought to
improve industrial efficiency.
 He is regarded as the father of scientific
management, and was one of the first
management consultants.
 He is sometimes called as “Father of Scientific
Management”.

3. SCIENTIFIC
MANAGEMENT
 It is the art of knowing what exactly you
want from your men to do & then seeing
that it is done in best possible manner.
 In simple words it is just an application
of science to management.

4. MANAGEMENT THEORY BY
TAYLOR
 Analyzing the work – One best way to
do it.
 He is remembered for developing time
and motion study.
 He would break a job into parts and
measure each of 100th
of a minute.
 The efforts of his disciples (most
notably H.L.Gantt) made the industry to
implement these ideas.

5. Taylor’s view about
management.
 Taylor believed that the industrial
management of his day was amateurish,
that management could be formulated
as an academic discipline.
 Best results would come from the
partnership between trained and
qualified management and a
cooperative and innovative workforce.
 Each side needed the other and there is
no need for trade unions.

6. Tools and Techniques by
F.W Taylor
 Separation of Planning and Doing- Taylor
emphasized the separation of planning aspect from
actual doing of the work. Before scientific
management, a worker used to plan about how he had
to work and what instruments were necessary for that.
The worker was put under the supervision commonly
known as gang boss. Taylor emphasized that planning
should be left to the supervisor and worker should
emphasize only on operational work.
 Functional Foremanship- This technique was
developed to improve the quality of work as single
supervisor may not be an expert in all the aspects of
the work. Therefore workers are to be supervised by
specialist foreman.

7. Cntd….
Taylor advocated appointment of 8 foramen,
4 at the planning level & other 4 at
implementation level. Out of these, four
persons are concerned with planning: (a)
route clerk, (b) instruction card clerk, (c)
time and cost clerk and (d)disciplinarian.
The remaining four persons are concerned
with doing aspect of the work: (a) speed
boss, (b) inspector, (c) maintenance
foreman and (d) gang boss

8. Cntd…

9. Cntd…
 Job Analysis- Job analysis s undertaken to find out the one best way
of doing the things. The best way of doing a job is one which requires
the least movements, consequently less time and cost.
Time Study (work measurement): The basic purpose of time study is to
determine the proper time for performing the operation. Such study may
be conducted after the motion study. Both time study and motion study
help in determining the best method of doing a job and the standard
time allowed for it.
Fatigue Study: If, a standard task is set without providing for measures to
eliminate fatigue, it may either be beyond the workers or the workers
may over strain themselves to attain it. It is necessary, therefore, to
regulate the working hours and provide for rest pauses at scientifically
determined intervals.
Rate-setting: Taylor recommended the differential piece wage system,
under which workers performing the standard task within prescribed
time are paid a much higher rate per unit than inefficient workers who
are not able to come up to the standard set.

10. Cntd…
 Standardization- Standardization should be
maintained in respect of instruments and tools,
period of work, amount of work, working conditions,
cost of production, etc.
 Selection and Training: Scientific Management
requires a radical change in the methods and
procedures of selecting workers. It is therefore
necessary to entrust the task of selection to a central
personnel department. The procedure of selection
will also have to be systematized. Proper attention
has also to be devoted to the training of the workers
in the correct methods of work.

11. Cntd…
 Financial Incentives- under this system, a worker
received the piece rate benefit which will attract the
workers to work more for more amount of wages and
more incentives would be created to raise the
standardization of output to promote the workers to
produce more and perform more task than before and
utilize waste time to earn more wages.
 Economy:- efficient cost accounting system should be
followed to control cost which can minimize the
wastages and thoroughly reduced and thus eliminated.
 Mental revolution:- Taylor argued that both
management and workers should try to understand
each other instead of quarreling for profits and benefits
which would increase production, profit and benefits

12. Principles of scientific
management
 Science not the rule of thumb: scientific
investigation should be used for taking managerial
decisions instead of basing on opinion, institution
or thumb rule.
 Harmony not discard/ cooperation between
employers and employees: Harmonious
relationship between employees and employers.
Cooperation of employees that managers can
ensure that work is carried in accordance with
standards.

13. Cntd…
 Scientific selection training and development:
selection means to choose the best employee
according to the need. Their skill and experience
must match the requirement of the job.
 Scientific development refers to criteria for
promotions, transfers etc.. So that work is done
with full efficiency.

14. Cntd…
 Division of work/ responsibility: The responsibility of
workers and management should be properly divided &
communicated so that they can perform them in an
effective way and should be reward for the same.
 Mental revolution: Acc. To Taylor, the workers and
managers should have a complete new outlook; a
mental revolution in respect to their mutual relations.
 Workers should be considered as a part of
Organization.
 Employers shouldn’t treat workers as mere wage
earners.

15. Contributions
 Scientific approach to business
management and process improvement
 Workers and managers must work
according to scientific principles rather
than working haphazardly when carrying
out organizational activities.
 Importance of compensation for
performance Organizational activities must
be performed in a coordinated and
consistent way, not in an inconsistent and
incoherent way

16.  Organizations and their methods, rather than
submitting low unproductiveness, must reject this
and must try to provide the highest productivity.
 Specialization in every part of a defined labor must
be provided.
 Importance of selection criteria by management
 Each labor must be parted to sub-factors forming it.
When defining activities which workers must carry
out, not only intuition and experience but also
scientific methods must be used as well.
Began the careful study of tasks and jobs.

17.  People whose mental and physical
skills are sufficient for works being
standardized must be chosen that’s to
say, the most suitable staff member
must be chosen

18. His principles of
management
 The four principles of management.
1. The development of a true science.
2. The scientific selection of the
workman.
3. The scientific education and
development of the workman.
4. Intimate and friendly cooperation
between the management and the men.

19.  Taylor created planning departments,
staffed them with engineers, and gave
them the responsibility to:
1. Develop scientific methods for doing
work.
2. Establish goals for productivity.
3. Establish systems of rewards for
meeting the goals.
4. Train the personnel in how to use the
methods and thereby meet the goals.

20. Criticism for scientific
management
 The main argument against Taylor is this reductionist
approach to work dehumanizes the worker.
 The allocation of work "specifying not only what is to
be done but how it is to done and the exact time
allowed for doing it" is seen as leaving no scope for
the individual worker to excel or think.
 1. The belief that increased output would lead to less
workers.
2. Inefficiencies within the management control system
such as poorly designed incentive schemes and hourly
pay rates not linked to productivity.
3. Poor design of the performance of the work by rule-
of-thumb.

21. How do today’s managers use Scientific
Management
 1. It was important because it could raise countries’
standard of living by making workers more productive
and efficient.
 2. Also it’s important to remember that many of the tools
and techniques developed by the scientific management
practitioners are still used in organizations today.

22. PRESENTED BY FC 1(A)
1.Abbas Haider Rizvi(Roll no 1)
2. Abhishek Pratap Singh(Roll no.2)
3. Aditi Chaurasia( Roll no. 3)
4.Aditi Srivastava (Roll no. 4)
5. Aishwarya Singh(Roll no. 5)
6. Akash Kumar Yadav(Roll no. 6)
7. Akhilesh Kumar (Roll no. 7)
8. Akriti Srivastava (Roll no. 8)