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Classification of carbohydrate
- 4. Mono = one, Saccharides = sugar Single unit polyhydroxyaldehydes or polyhydroxyketones General formula: CnH2nOn It cannot be broken upon hydrolysis C6H12O6 Glucose/ Fructose H2O H+ No Reaction
- 5. Where n varies from thee to eight: n Formula Name Aldehyde Ketones 3 C3H6O3 Trioses Aldotrioses Ketotrioses 4 C4H8O4 Tetroses Aldotetroses Ketotetroses 5 C5H10O5 Pentoses Aldopentoses Ketopentoses 6 C6H12O6 Hexoses Aldohexoses Ketohexoses 7 C7H14O7 Heptoses Aldoheptoses Ketoheptoses 8 C8H16O8 Octoses Aldooctoses Ketooctoses
- 6. On acid hydrolysis give two to ten units of simple sugar Two monosaccharide units called Disaccharides Three monosaccharide units called Trisaccharides C12H22O11 Sucrose H2O H+ C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Glucose Fructose
- 7. Lactose H2O/H+ C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Glucose Fructose Maltose H2O/H+ 2 Glucose units Raffinose H2O/H+ C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 Glucose Galactose Fructose
- 8. More than ten monosaccharide Upon hydrolysis give large no. of simple sugar (C12H22O11)n Starch/ Cellulose H2O/H+ nC6H12O6 Glucose