This powerpoint presentation is for the subjects Control systems and engineering and the topic covered is the whole Block diagram analysis with the examples.

2. Name : Achal Parekh : 150050119053
Parth Panchal : 150050119052
Division : ME-1 , Batch – D
Department : Mechanical Engineering
Topic : Block Diagrams
Faculty Guide : Prof. Ujjwala Bharad
Introduction

3. INTRODUCTION
• A Block Diagram is a shorthand pictorial representation of the cause-
and-effect relationship of a system.
• The interior of the rectangle representing the block usually contains a
description of or the name of the element, gain, or the symbol for the
mathematical operation to be performed on the input to yield the
output.
• The arrows represent the direction of information or signal flow.
dt
d
x y

4. Canonical Form of A Feedback Control System

5. Characteristic Equation
• The control ratio is the closed loop transfer function of the
system.
• The denominator of closed loop transfer function determines
the characteristic equation of the system.
• Which is usually determined as:
)()(
)(
)(
)(
sHsG
sG
sR
sC


1
01  )()( sHsG

6. RULES OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
REDUCTION

7. Reduction techniques procedure
:1. Combining blocks in cascade or in parallel
1G 2G 21GG
1G
2G
21 GG 
14

8. 2. Moving a summing point behind a block:
G G
G
:3. Moving a summing point ahead of a block
G G
G
1
15

9. 4. Moving a pickoff point behind a block:
G G
G
1
5. Moving a pickoff point ahead of a block:
G G
G
16

10. 6. Eliminating a feedback loop:
G
H
G
1H
G
G
1
GH
G
1
17

12. ADVANTAGES OF BLOCK
DIAGRAM
• THE FUNCTIONAL OPERATION OF THE SYSTEM CAN BE
OBSERVED FROM BLOCK DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM GIVES THE INFORMATION ABOUT
PERFORMANCE OF SYSTEM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM IS USED FOR ANALYSIS & DESIGN OF
CONTROL SYSTEM
• IT IS VERY SIMPLE TO CONSTRUST THE BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR
BIG & COMPLICATED SYSTEM

13. DISADVANTAGES OF BLOCK
DIAGRAM
• BLOCK DIAGRAM FOR GIVEN SYSTEM ARE NON UNIQUE
• SOURCE OF ENERGY IN THE SYSTEM IS NOT SHOWN IN THE
DIAGRAM
• IN THE PROCEDURE OF REDUCTION OF BLOCK DIAGRAM
ALGEBRA SOME IMPORTANT FUNCTIONSMAY BE OMITTED .
THERE IS NO CHECK FOR IT
• IT DOESN’T GIVE ANY INFORMATION ABOUT PHYSICAL
CONSTRUCTION OF THE SYSTEM

14. THANK YOU !!!