1. II- Material Properties
• Physical
• Chemical
• Thermal
• Mechanical
• Optical
• Magnetic
• Electrical
2. Physical Property
• Density
• Color
• Size and Shape,
• Specific Gravity of Material ratio of density of
material with respect to density of reference material
or substance. For gravity calculation water is
considered as reference substance.
• Porosity of materials represents quantity of voids in
solid materials.
4. Chemical composition
• The chemical composition of engineering material indicates
the elements which are combined together to form that
material.
5. Atomic Bonding
• Atomic bonding represents how atoms are bounded to each
other to form the material.
• Ionic bond – froms by exchanging of valence electrons
between atoms.
• Covalent bonds – froms by sharing of electrons between
atoms.
• Metallic bonds – found in metals.
7. Acidity
• Acidity or Alkalinity is an important chemical property of
engineering materials.
• A material is acetic or Alkane, it is decided by the ph value of
the material.
• Ph value of a material varies from 0 to 14. Ph value of 7 is
considered to be neutral.
• Ordinary water is having ph value of 7. The materials which
are having ph value below 7 are called Acetic and
• Materials which are having ph value greater than 7 are called
alkane.
• Acidity of Alkalinity of material indicates that how they react
with other materials.
8. Thermal Properties
• Melting Point
• Boiling Point
• Thermal conductivity
• Specific heat
• The specific heat is the amount of heat per unit mass required
to raise the temperature by one degree
9. Mechanical Properties
• Strength
• The measurement of how much load a material
can withstand before failure.
• There are 3 different types of strength based on
loading types, which are:
• a. Compressive strength
• b. Shear strength
• c. Tensile strength
10. Strength
• Deformation before fracture, the 3 types of
strength are:
• a. Elastic strength
• b. Ultimate strength
• c. Yield strength
11.
12. Fatigue Strength
• The amount of cycles a material can withstand under
fluctuating stress (cyclic loading) upon reaching failure.
13. Brittleness
• Brittleness is when a material breaks suddenly
under stress, without exhibiting much elastic
deformation or changes in dimension.
15. Hardness
• Hardness is defined by a material’s ability to
resist various forms of deformation,
indentation and penetration.
16. Toughness
• Toughness is defined by the material’s capacity
to withstand elastic and plastic deformation
without failure.
17. Embrittlement
• The result of metal losings its ductility and
becoming brittle due to chemical or physical
changes.
18. Homogeneity
• Any material that has the same properties throughout its entire
geometry.
• Certain types of homogeneous material includes plastics,
metals, glass, paper, resins and coatings.
24. Malleability
• The ability to plastically deform a material or
significantly change its shape without
becoming fractured.
25. Machinability
• The ease of which a metal part can be cut without sacrificing
the quality of the finish.
26. Creep
• A slow and gradual deformation (or change in
dimensions) of materials under a certain
applied load. Measured by the influence of
time and temperature.
27.
28. Resilience
• The ability to absorb energy while being
elastically deformed, and releasing that energy
after being unloaded.
29. Damping
• Damping refers to dissipating the amount of energy used to
create vibration, oscillation or stress. A material with a good
damping property, such as cast iron, is capable of absorbing
high amounts of vibration.
30. Thermal Expansion
• A change in shape, volume or area caused by
changes in temperature.
32. Emissivity
• It is an optical property of material, which describes how much
light is radiated (emitted) from the material in relation to an
amount which radiates black body at the same temperature.
Black body is an ideal body that absorbs all radiation.
• Emissivity depends on:
• chemical composition
• structure of the material
• temperature
• wavelength
• direction of emission
33. Reflectivity
• Reflectivity is an optical property of material, which describes
how much light is reflected from the material in relation to an
amount of light incident on the material.
• Emissivity depends on:
• chemical composition
• structure of the material
• temperature
• wavelength
• direction of emission
34. Transmissivity
• Transmissivity is an optical property of a material, which
describes how much light is transmitted through material in
relation to an amount of light incident on the material. The
light that was not transmitted was either reflected or absorbed
• Emissivity depends on:
• chemical composition
• structure of the material
• temperature
• wavelength
• direction of emission
35. Absorptivity
• Absorptivity is an optical property of a material, which
describes how much light was absorbed in material in relation
to an amount of light incident on the material
• Emissivity depends on:
• chemical composition
• structure of the material
• temperature
• wavelength
• direction of emission
37. Resistivity
• It the property of material which resists the
flow of electric current through material. It is
the reciprocal of conductivity.
38. Conductivity
It is the property of material with allow the flow of electric
current through material. It is a parameter which indicates that
how easily electric current can flow through the material.
39. Dielectric Strength
• It is the property of material which indicates the ability of
material to withstand at high voltages.
• A material having high dielectric strength can withstand at
high voltages.
40. Thermoelectricity
• If the junction, formed by joining to two metals, is heated, a
small voltage in the range of millivolt is produced. This effect
is called thermoelectricity
41. Permittivity
• It is the property of every material, which measures the
opposition offered against the formation of an electric field.
42. Electric Vehicle
• What are the inner parts of an EV?
• EVs have 90% less moving parts that an ICE (Internal
Combustion Engine) car. Here's a breakdown of the parts that
keep an EV moving:
• Electric Engine/Motor - Provides power to rotate the wheels.
It can be DC/AC type, however, AC motors are more common.
• Inverter - Converts the electric current in the form of Direct
Current (DC) into Alternating Current (AC)
43.
44. EV
• Drivetrain - EVs have a single-speed transmission which
sends power from the motor to the wheels.
• Batteries - Store the electricity required to run an EV. The
higher the kW of the battery, the higher the range.
• Charging - Plug into an outlet or EV charging point to charge
your battery.
46. Permeability
• It is the property of magnetic material which indicates that
how easily the magnetic flux is build up in the material. Some
time is also called as the magnetic susceptibility of material.
47. Retentivity
• When a magnetic material is placed in an external magnetic
field, its grains get oriented in the direction of magnetic field.
Which results in magnetization of material in the direction of
external magnetic field.
48.
49. Coercive Force
• Due to retentivity of material, even after removal of external
magnetic field some magnetization exists in material. This
magnetism is called residual magnetism of material.
• To remove this residual magnetization, we have to apply some
external magnetic field in opposite direction.
• This external magnetic motive force (ATs) required to
overcome the residual magnetism is called “coercive force” of
material.
50. Reluctance
• It is a property of magnetic material which resists to buildup of
magnetic flux in material.
