This was a ppt made by me for ICE case study in the last movement there was a change in topic so my hardwork was a waste hope this may help someone :)

1. Twin
Turbo
Technology
B Y : - A W E Z H A T O D K A R
T A N M A Y H I R E
A B H I J I T H A C H A R Y A

2. What is a
Turbocharger ?
A turbocharger uses
the otherwise unused
energy in the exhaust
gases to
drive a turbine directly
connected by a co-
axial shaft to a rotary
compressor in the air
intake system.

3. Working principle of a
turbocharger:
• A turbocharger is a small radial fan pump driven by the energy of the exhaust gases of an engine.
• A turbocharger consists of a turbine and a compressor on a shared shaft.
• The turbine converts exhaust to rotational force, which is in turn used to drive the compressor.
• The compressor draws in ambient air and pumps it in to the intake manifold at increase pressure,
resulting in a greater mass of air entering the cylinders on each intake stroke.

4. A turbocharged engine's torque characteristic improves. Due to the so-called
"maxidyne characteristic" (a very high torque increase at low engine speeds),

5. Single Turbo Twin Turbo
VS
The setup of a TT is more costly.
It is great for street driving regularly.
With this setup there is a reduction in lag.
Buying TT chargers are more cost efficient.
Lower RPM’s are used to maximize boosts.
It provides smoother operation within the engine.
It help to produce faster power utilizing 4-cylinders.
Twin Turbo setup is best for the V-type engine layout.
It does take up more space in the vehicle than a single.
V-type engines should use TT chargers for max efficiency.
It is cost efficient & support more than 1500 hp.
A single turbo is great for Hi-power drag racing.
There is noticeable lagging unlike twin turbo.
It has the ability to create some real power.
It gives a higher boost at higher RPM’s.
Issues might happen during the setup.
All 8-cylinders are required in ST.
ST setup is best for I-8 setup.
It is compact & cools better.
I-8 should use ST chargers.

6. 1. The secret behind "twin-turbo" is the clever two-stage forced aspiration principle.
2. The revolutionary twin-turbo technology, the next big step forward in the development of modern
IC engines for passenger cars.
3. The car with the Twin-Turbo mechanism gives more power, more torque, better mileage, and a
comprehensive pollution free engine than its rivals.
4. The enormous potential of a twin-turbo engine can be seen from the mean effective pressure values
it achieves.
5. Whereas traditional single turbo have a mean effective pressure of 17 to 19 bars, the 1.9-litre twin-
turbo reaches 26 bars.
Twin Turbo

7. • Twin turbo setup provides for the reduction of the lag. It helps produce power faster by
using 4 cylinders while single turbo requires all 8 cylinders for optimal boost.
• This type of engine is great for regular driving in city or normal regime. Twin turbo takes
care of smooth engine functioning.
• In terms of expenses two smaller turbo charges are more efficient than one bigger one.
However, some engines require twin turbo chargers for better and more efficient operation.
• This is related to V-type engines. They work much better together with twin turbo chargers.

8. Below 1800 RPM
• By using a small high-pressure turbocharger for the first stage, the engine responds readily
to the gas pedal at lower speeds without suffering from "turbo lag".
• Up to 1800 rpm this high-pressure turbocharger works alone and compresses the intake air
at up to 3.2 bar boost pressure.
1800 RPM-3000 RPM
• Between 1800 and 3000 rpm, a larger low pressure turbocharger joins in – both turbines
run together in this engine speed range.
• The exhaust from the cylinder will drive the first turbo charger and come to the second.
This will leads to the working of the second stage turbo charger it affects in the intake air.
This intake air which is needed for the combustion is sucked in and goes to the first stage
turbo charger which will pressurized the air and goes to the cylinders.
Above3000 RPM
• Above 3000 rpm, only the larger turbocharger continues to deliver charge air to the
cylinders.
• The complex control of both chargers is via a valve in the engine’s exhaust system,
controlled by engine speed and load.
Effects on turbocharger with varying engine speeds

9. TypesofTwinTurbo It is a set-up in which the engine
uses one turbocharger for lower
engine speeds, and a second or
both turbochargers at higher
engine speeds.
Sequential
Parallel
A parallel configuration refers to
using two equally-sized
turbochargers which each receive
half of the exhaust gases.

10. Advantages
• The environmental safety standard is the major consideration today, this
technology is EURO V ready.
• Even though the car delivers a much higher power than its counterparts, it still
maintains the conventional 16.5 KMpL as mileage.
• At 1500 rpm, both chargers contribute about the same boost pressure, with a
total of 2.5 bars. (If the turbocharger works alone, it can only provide 1.3 bars
at the same rev.)
• In the 1.4-litre Golf, the Twin charger system produces 170 horsepower and
177 lbft of torque. That's equivalent to a 2.3-litre normally aspirated engine
but it consumes 20% less fuel.

11. • The more increase the pressure of the intake air above the local atmospheric
pressure (boost), the more power the engine produces. Automotive
superchargers for street use typically produce a maximum boost pressure
between 0.33 to 1.0 bar, providing a proportionate increase in power.
• Engines burn air and fuel at an ideal (stoichiometric) ratio of about 14.7:1,
which means that if you burn more air, you must also burn more fuel.
• This is particularly useful at high altitudes: thinner air has less oxygen, reducing
power by around 3% per 1,000 feet above sea level, but a supercharger can
compensate for that loss, pressurizing the intake charge to something close to
sea level pressure.

12.  Cost and complexity
 Detonation
 Parasitic losses
 Space
Disadvantages

13. Applications
• Twin Turbos are most common feature in luxury cars and engines with V6, V8, V12 configurations
• The latest 2021 Ford Endeavour will be sold in India with a 213PS twin-turbo engine

14. Conclusion
Conversion of a single turbo to twin turbo can depend greatly upon the type of car and type of engine
that is being talked about. In many instances it will boil down to owner preference on how they wish
it to be done.
Below 900 horsepower requirements can be dealt with fairly well with the use of a single turbo
charger, however if owner wish to create lag reduction, two small turbo chargers are what owner
should get.

15. Thank
You