Types of research misconduct

1. TYPES OF
RESEARCH
MISCONDUCT
Research Ethics and Bioethics
Presented By: Group 5

2. AGENDA
Introduction to the topic
Types of research misconduct
Examples of research misconduct
Consequences of research misconduct
Preventions
Summary
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3. INTRODUCTION
Research misconduct is a serious issue that undermines the
integrity of scientific research. It can take many forms, including
fabrication and falsification, plagiarism, illegitimate authorship,
and unjustified duplication. This presentation will focus on these
different types of research misconduct and their consequences.
Purpose of the presentation: The purpose of this presentation is
to raise awareness about the different types of research
misconduct and their consequences, and to provide strategies
for preventing and addressing research misconduct in the
scientific community.
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4. FABRICATION AND
FALSIFICATION
Definition of fabrication and falsification: Fabrication
and falsification refer to the intentional and deliberate
manipulation or invention of data or results.
Fabrication involves creating data or results that do not
exist, while falsification involves changing or
manipulating existing data or results.
Examples of fabrication and falsification in research
include:
 Creating data or results that support a hypothesis
without conducting experiments or observations
 Altering or omitting data to make it appear more
significant
 Changing the conclusions of a study to fit a
preconceived narrative or hypothesis

5. CONSEQUENCES OF
FABRICATION AND
FALSIFICATION:
Fabrication and falsification undermine the integrity and credibility of
scientific research. They can lead to the publication of false or
misleading information, which can have serious consequences for public
health and safety. Researchers found guilty of fabrication and
falsification can face severe consequences, including loss of funding,
damage to their reputation, and legal action.
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6. PREVENTION OF FABRICATION AND FALSIFICATION:
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Preventing fabrication and falsification in research is crucial for maintaining the integrity and credibility of scientific research.
Here are some strategies for preventing fabrication and falsification:
• Collect and record all researcher data, research data, and research results as they are.
• Record the source of the data accurately and collect it legitimately.
• Avoid selectively judging the value of data and storing it.
• Maintain objectivity in the translation and interpretation of data to prevent biased results.
• Base the removal of non-pure data and outliers on universal standards of academia and expert judgment.
• Avoid deleting unfavorable data to lower the P value within the valid range (usually 0.05), as it is a form of falsification.
• Always store and preserve evidence that can be submitted and make a copy.
• Store and disclose research raw data to prepare for alleged tampering.
• Prepare and manage research notes faithfully to prevent distortion when storing and preserving data.
• Record only objective facts in detail and accurately without fabrication and falsification.
• Record the research process and results so that third parties can reproduce them.
• Enter the person's signature and date when revising the description or attaching additional data.

7. PLAGIARISM
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Plagiarism refers to the act of presenting someone else's work or ideas as your own without proper
attribution. This includes copying text, ideas, or data from a source without citing it, as well as self-
plagiarism, which involves reusing your own previously published work without permission or
acknowledgement.
Forms of plagiarism:
Plagiarism can take many forms, including:
 Copying and pasting text from a source without citation.
 Paraphrasing text from a source without proper attribution.
 Using data or figures from a source without citation.
 Reusing your own previously published work without permission or acknowledgement.

8. CONSEQUENCES OF PLAGIARISM:
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Plagiarism is a serious ethical violation that can have significant consequences. In addition to damaging the
reputation and credibility of the researcher, plagiarism can lead to retraction of published papers, loss of
funding, and legal action. It also undermines the integrity of the scientific community and can erode public
trust in science.

9. PREVENTION OF PLAGIARISM
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 Plagiarism can be prevented by accurately indicating the source and citing within an appropriate
range.
 Direct and indirect citations should be applied correctly.
 Direct citation method: Literally quoting the sentence expressions of the original text, marking the cited
part in double quotes, and adding source indicator (footnote or annotation).
 Indirect citation method: Transforming or summarizing the expression of the original text in the meaning
one understands and adding source indicator (footnote or annotation).
 Even if the source is accurately indicated, excessive citation corresponds to plagiarism.
 Indicating secondary information as if it were primary information, is also plagiarism.
 If multiple parts are cited from the same reference, the source must be indicated for all parts
cited.
 Before submitting the manuscript, plagiarism should be actively prevented by using a sentence
similarity test program.
 Even when translating and using another person's work, appropriate source must be indicated.

10. ILLEGITIMATE AUTHORSHIP
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Illegitimate authorship refers to including someone as an author on a research paper
who did not contribute significantly to the research or excluding someone who did. It can
also include listing authors in an inappropriate order or using authorship to reward or
manipulate colleagues.
Examples of illegitimate authorship:
 Including someone as an author who did not contribute significantly to the research.
 Excluding someone who made significant contributions to the research.
 Adding someone as an author to increase the chances of publication.
 Including someone as an author to curry favor with them or their institution.

11. CONSEQUENCES OF
ILLEGITIMATE
AUTHORSHIP
Illegitimate authorship undermines the integrity of the scientific
community and can lead to mistrust among researchers and the
public. It can also lead to unfair distribution of credit and
rewards, which can have long-term consequences for the
careers of researchers.
Additionally, it can result in sanctions from funding agencies and
journals and can damage the reputation of both the researcher
and their institution.
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14. AREAS OF GROWTH
CATEGORY 1 CATEGORY 2 CATEGORY 3 CATEGORY 4​
Q1 4.5 2.3 1.7 5​.0
Q2 3.2 5.1 4.4 3​.0
Q3 2.1 1.7 2.5 2.8
Q4 4.5 2.2 1.7 7.0
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15. THANK YOU
Mirjam Nilsson
mirjam@contoso.com
www.contoso.com
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