2. BULLYING
▪Bullying is the use of force, coercion, hurtful teasing or threat, to abuse,
aggressively dominate or intimidate.
▪The behavior is often repeated and habitual.
▪Bullying is the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt
another individual, physically, mentally or emotionally.
3. BULLYING
▪Bullying is the activity of repeated, aggressive behavior intended to hurt
another individual, physically, mentally, or emotionally.
▪Bullying can be done individually or by a group, called MOBBING.
▪Bully may have one or more followers willing to assist the primary bully or
reinforce the bully by providing positive feedback such as laughing.
4. ▪The word "bully" was first used in the 1530s meaning "sweetheart", applied to
either sex, from the Dutch:
✓boel, "lover, brother",
▪probably diminutive of Middle High German:
✓buole, "brother", of uncertain origin (compare with the
German buhle "lover").
5. ▪The meaning deteriorated through the 17th century from "fine fellow",
"blusterer", to "harasser of the weak".
▪This may have been as a connecting sense between "lover" and "ruffian" as in
"protector of a prostitute", which was one sense of "bully" (though not
specifically attested until 1706).
▪The verb "to bully" is first attested in 1710.
6. ▪Bullying has been classified by the body of literature into different types.
▪These can be in the form of nonverbal, verbal, or physical behavior.
▪There is also the case of the more recent phenomenon called
CYBERBULLYING.
▪Physical, verbal, and relational bullying are most prevalent in primary school
and could also begin much earlier while continuing into later stages in
individuals’ lives.
8. ▪Individual bullying tactics are perpetrated by a single person against a victim
or victims.
▪It has further 4 types.
✓Physical Bullying
✓Verbal Bullying
✓Rational Bulling
✓Cyber Bulling
9. ▪Physical bullying is any bullying that hurts someone's body or damages their
possessions.
▪Stealing, shoving, hitting, fighting, and intentionally destroying someone's
property are types of physical bullying.
▪Physical bullying is rarely the first form of bullying that a victim will
experience.
10. ▪Often bullying will begin in a different form and later progress to physical
violence.
▪This can quickly lead to a situation where they are being taunted, tortured,
and "beaten up" by their classmates.
11. ▪Verbal bullying is one of the most common types of bullying.
▪This is any bullying that is conducted by speaking, other use of the voice, or
some form of body language and does not involve any physical contact.
▪Verbal bullying is common in both genders, but girls are more likely to
perform it.
12. ▪Girls use verbal bullying, as well as social exclusion techniques, to dominate
and control other individuals and show their superiority and power.
▪Boys are subtle enough to use verbal techniques for domination when they
want to avoid the trouble that can come with physically bullying someone else.
13. • Derogatory name-calling and nicknaming
• Spreading rumors or lying about someone
• Threatening someone
• Yelling at or talking to someone in a rude or unkind tone of voice, especially
without justifiable cause
14. • Mocking someone's voice or style of speaking
• Laughing at someone
• Use of body language (i.e., the middle finger) to torture someone
• Making insults or otherwise making fun of someone
15. ▪Relational bullying (sometimes referred to as social aggression) is the type of
bullying that uses relationships to hurt others.
▪The term also denotes any bullying that is done with the intent to hurt
somebody's reputation
16. ▪Social standing which can also link in with the techniques included in
physical and verbal bullying.
▪Relational bullying is a form of bullying common among youth, but
particularly among girls.
17. ▪Cyberbullying is the use of technology to harass, threaten, embarrass, or
target another person.
▪When an adult is involved, it may meet the definition of cyber-
harassment or cyberstalking, a crime that can have legal consequences and
involve jail time.
▪This includes bullying by the use of email, instant messaging, social media
websites (such as Facebook), text messages, and cell phones.
18. ▪Collective bullying tactics are employed by more than one individual against a
victim or victims.
▪Collective bullying is known as MOBBING and can include any of the
individual types of bullying.
▪Trolling behavior on social media, although generally assumed to be
individual in nature by the casual reader.
19. ▪Mobbing refers to the bullying of an individual by a group, in any context,
such as a family, peer group, school, workplace, neighborhood, community, or
online.
▪It is also referred to as malicious, nonsexual, nonracial/racial, or
general harassment.
20. ▪When it occurs as emotional abuse in the workplace, such as "ganging up" by
▪co-workers
▪Subordinates
▪Superiors
▪to force someone out of the workplace through rumor
▪Innuendo
23. ▪Bullies may bully out of jealousy or because they themselves are bullied.
▪Psychologist Roy Baumeister asserts that people who are prone to abusive
behavior tend to have inflated but fragile egos.
▪Because they think too highly of themselves, they are frequently offended by
the criticisms and lack of deference of other people and react to this
disrespect with violence and insults.
24. ▪Bullying may also result from a genetic predisposition or a brain abnormality
in the bully.
▪While parents can help a toddler develop emotional regulation and control to
restrict aggressive behavior.
▪Some children fail to develop these skills due to insecure attachment with
their families, ineffective discipline, and environmental factors such as
stressful home life and hostile siblings.
25. ▪Bystanders who have been able to establish their own "friendship
group" or "support group" have been found to be far more likely to opt
to speak out against bullying behavior than those who have not.
▪Adults, being a bystander to workplace bullying was linked to
depression.
26. ▪Low levels of self-esteem have been identified as a frequent antecedent of
bullying victimization.
▪Victims of traditional bullying tend to have lower global, social, body-related,
and emotional self-esteem compared to uninvolved students.
▪Victims of cyberbullying
▪On the other hand, may not have lower self-esteem scores than uninvolved
students but might have higher body-related self-esteem than both victims of
traditional bullying and bullies.
28. ▪In a study of high school students completed in Boston, students who self-
reported being victims of bullying were more likely to consider suicide when
compared to youth who did not report being bullied.
▪The same study also showed a higher risk of suicidal consideration in youth
who report being a perpetrator, victim, or victim-perpetrator.
▪Victims and victim-bullies are associated with a higher risk of suicide
attempts.
29. ▪The teaching of anti-bullying coping skills to children, carers, and teachers
has been found to be an effective long-term means of reducing bullying
incidence rates and a valuable skill set for individuals.
30. ▪Statistically controlling for age and pubertal status, results indicated that on
average verbally bullied girls produced less testosterone.
▪Verbally bullied boys produced more testosterone than their non-bullied
counterparts.[
31. ▪Cyberbullying is any bullying done through the use of technology. This form
of bullying can easily go undetected because of a lack of authoritative
(including parental) supervision.
▪Because bullies can pose as someone else, it is the most anonymous form of
bullying.
▪Cyberbullying includes abuse using email, instant messaging, text messaging,
websites, and social networking sites.
32. ▪Disabled people are disproportionately affected by bullying and abuse, and
such activity has been cited as a hate crime.
▪The bullying is not limited to those who are visibly disabled, such as
wheelchair users or physically deformed such as those with a cleft lip, but also
those with developmental disabilities such as autism and developmental
coordination disorder.
33. ▪Bullying can occur in nearly any part of or around the school building,
although it may occur more frequently during physical education classes and
activities such as recess.
▪ Bullying also takes place in school hallways, bathrooms, on school buses and
while waiting for buses, and in classes that require group work and/or after-
school activities.
34. ▪The prison environment is known for bullying. An additional complication is
the staff and their relationships with the inmates. Thus, the following possible
bullying scenarios are possible:
✓Inmate bullies inmate (echoing school bullying)
✓Staff bullies inmate
✓Staff bullies staff (a manifestation of workplace bullying)
✓Inmate bullies staff
35. ▪Bullying prevention is the collective effort to prevent, reduce and stop bullying.
▪Many campaigns and events are designated to bullying prevention throughout
the world.
▪Bullying prevention campaigns and events include Anti-BullyingDay, Anti-
Bullying Week, International Day of Pink, International STANDUP to Bullying
Day, and National Bullying Prevention Month. Anti-bullying laws, make bullying
in schools illegal.
36. ▪Harassment covers a wide range of behaviors of offensive nature.
▪It is commonly understood as behavior that demeans, humiliates, or
embarrasses a person, and it is characteristically identified by its unlikelihood
in terms of social and moral reasonableness.
▪In the legal sense, these are behaviors that appear to be disturbing, upsetting,
or threatening.
37. ▪Harassment derives from the English verb harass plus the suffix -ment. The
verb harass, in turn, is a loan word from the French, which was already
attested in 1572 meaning torment, annoyance, bother, trouble, and later as of
1609 was also referred to the condition of being exhausted, and overtired.
38. ▪ELECTRONIC
✓Electronic harassment is the unproven belief of the use of electromagnetic waves to
harass a victim.
✓Psychologists have identified evidence of auditory hallucinations, delusional disorders,or
other mental disorders in online communities.
▪LANDLORD
✓Landlord harassment is the willing creation, by a landlord or his agents, of conditions
that are uncomfortable for one or more tenants in order to induce willing abandonment
of a rental contract.
39. ▪ONLINE
✓Harassment directs multiple repeating obscenities and derogatory comments
at specific individuals focusing, for example, on the targets' race, religion,
gender, nationality, disability, or sexual orientation.
▪POLICE
✓Unfair treatment conducted by law officials, including but not limited
to excessive force, profiling, threats, coercion, and racial, ethnic, religious,
gender/sexual, age, or other forms of discrimination.
40. ▪WORKPLACE
✓Workplace harassment is the offensive, belittling or threatening behavior directed at an
individual worker or a group of workers.
✓Workplace harassment can be verbal, physical, sexual, racial, or bullying.
▪RELIGIOUS
✓Verbal, psychological, or physical harassment is used against targets because they choose
to practice a specific religion.
✓Religious harassment can also include forced and involuntary conversions.
