This presentation for IGCSE students.

1. HEALTH AND DISEASE
PLAN:
• What is health and disease?
• What is difference health and disease?
• How can you protect your health?
• The effects of diseases
• Why is it important to prevent diseases?
• COVID-19

2. IN THE PAST HEALTH HAS BEEN THOUGHT
OF AS JUST THE ABSENCE OF DISEASE,
HOWEVER TODAY IT IS THOUGHT OF MORE AS
THE STATE OF PHYSICAL AND MENTAL
WELLBEING. FACTORS CAN WORK TOGETHER
TO AFFECT PHYSICAL AND MENTAL HEALTH.
A DISEASE IS A DISORDER THAT AFFECTS
HEALTH BY AFFECTING AN ORGANISM'S BODY,
ORGANS, TISSUES OR CELLS.

3. THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN HEALTH
AND DISEASE
Healthy Disease Free
It is determined by the individual as well as
social and environmental factors.
It is entirely up to the individual.
A healthy person will be free of disease.
A disease-free person may or may not be
healthy

4. 1.HANDLE & PREPARE FOOD SAFELY. FOOD CAN CARRY
2. GERMS. ...
3.WASH HANDS OFTEN. ...
4.CLEAN & DISINFECT COMMONLY USED SURFACES. ...
5.COUGH AND SNEEZE INTO A TISSUE OR YOUR SLEEVE. ...
6.DON'T SHARE PERSONAL ITEMS. ...
7.GET VACCINATED. ...
8.AVOID TOUCHING WILD ANIMALS. ...
9.STAY HOME WHEN SICK.
10.MAINTAIN A HEALTHY WEIGHT.
11.EXERCISE REGULARLY.
12.DON'T SMOKE.
13.EAT A HEALTHY DIET.
14.DRINK ALCOHOL ONLY IN MODERATION, IF AT ALL.
15.PROTECT YOURSELF FROM THE SUN.
16.PROTECT YOURSELF FROM SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED
17.INFECTIONS.
18.GET SCREENING TESTS
How can you protect your health

6. THE EFFECTS OF DISEASES.
• Symptoms of illness are often not directly the result of infection, but a
collection of evolved responses – sickness behavior by the body – that
helps clear infection and promote recovery. Such aspects of illness can
include lethargy, depression, loss of appetite, sleepiness, hyperalgesia,
and inability to concentrate.
• The economic costs of infectious diseases—especially HIV/AIDS and
malaria—are significant. Their increasing toll on productivity owing
to deaths and chronic debilitating illnesses, reduced profitability and
decreased foreign investment, has had a serious effect on the economic
growth of some poor countries.

7. WHAT ARE THE EFFECTS OF INFECTIOUS
DISEASES?
• Most infectious diseases have only minor complications. But some
infections — such as pneumonia, AIDS and meningitis — can become
life-threatening. A few types of infections have been linked to a long-
term increased risk of cancer: Human papillomavirus is linked to
cervical cancer.
• Viruses make us sick by killing cells or disrupting cell function. Our
bodies often respond with fever (heat inactivates many viruses), with
the secretion of a chemical called interferon (which blocks viruses
from reproducing), or by marshaling the immune system's antibodies
and other cells to target the invader

9. WHY IS IT IMPORTANT TO PREVENT
DISEASES?
• Preventing disease through routine vaccination can improve both
health and economic stability. “Increased investments on
immunization in low- and middle-income countries could avert up to
36 million deaths and 24 million cases of impoverishment due to
medical costs,” UNICEF reports.

10. THE FOCUS IS REALLY ON RARE DISEASES, BUT A
CREDIBLE CASE CAN BE MADE THAT THERE ARE AT
LEAST 10,000 DISEASES IN THE WORLD, THOUGH
THERE IS LIKELY MORE. AND THERE ARE A BIT OVER
500 TREATMENTS
BUBONIC AND PNEUMONIC PLAGUES. PERHAPS
THE MOST NOTORIOUS OF ALL INFECTIOUS DISEASES,
THE BUBONIC AND PNEUMONIC PLAGUES ARE
BELIEVED TO BE THE CAUSE OF THE BLACK DEATH
THAT RAMPAGED THROUGH ASIA, EUROPE AND
AFRICA IN THE 14TH CENTURY KILLING AN
ESTIMATED 50 MILLION PEOPLE.

14. WHAT IS COVID-19?
• Coronaviruses (CoV) are a large family of viruses that cause illness ranging from the
common cold to more severe diseases such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome
(MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV). A novel coronavirus
(nCoV) is a new strain that has not been previously identified in humans.
• Coronaviruses are zoonotic, meaning they are transmitted between animals and people.
• Common signs of infection include:
• Respiratory symptoms.
• Fever.
• Cough.
• Shortness of breath and breathing difficulties.
• In more severe cases, infection can cause pneumonia, severe acute respiratory syndrome,
renal failure and even death.
• When a disease is new as COVID-19, there is usually no vaccine until one is developed.
It can even take a number of years for a new vaccine to be developed.