penicillin drug

1. BY:- MISS. AAKANKSHA

2. INTRODUCTION
ANTIBIOTICS:-These are the substances
produced by micro-organisms which either kill or
inhibits the growth of micro-organisms.
PENICILLIN:- 1.The penicillin are the antibiotics
which were first discovered and used clinically in
1941 by Alexander Fleming.
 2. It was isolated from fungus penicillium notatum.
 3. All penicillin contains a Beta- lactam ring in their
structure that is responsible for its antibacterial
activity.

3. BRAND NAME & GENERIC NAME:-
BRAND
NAME:-
PENICILLIN
G
BRAND
NAME:-
BEEPEN-VK
PENICILLIN
V

4. DOSAGE AND ROUTE:-
 PENICILLIN G :-( IM,IV)
♥ Adults:- 1 to 5 million units q 4 to 6 hr.
♥ Children:- 12550 to 25000 units / kg q 6 hr.
♥ Infants :-25000 units /kg q 8 hr.
 PENICILLIN V:-(PO)
♥ Adults :-125-500 mg q 6 to 8 hr.
♥ Children:-12.5mg/kg q 6 hr.
 BENZATHINE P.G:-(IM)
♥ Adults :-1.2 million units single dose.
♥ Children:-300,000 to 600,000 units single dose.
 PROCAINE P.G :-(IM)
♥ Adults:-600,000 to 1.2 million units/day as single dose.
♥ Children:-50,000units/kg/day for 10 to 14 days.

5. MECHANISM OF ACTION:-
PENICILLIN
Inhibits the
synthesis of
bacterial cell wall
Bacterial cell
swells and brusts
Bacterial cell
lysis
BACTERIOCIDAL

6. PHARMACOKINETICS:-
 ABSORPTION:- Variably absorbed from GI
Tract.
 DISTRIBUTION:- Widely distributed, CNS
Penetration is poor in presence of uninflamed
meninges, cross placenta and enters
breastmilk.
 METABOLISM:- By liver.
 EXCRETION:-By kidneys.
 Half life :- 30 to 60 minutes.

7. INDICATIONS
 Pneumococcal infections
 Streptococcal infections
 Meningococcal meningitis
 Gonococcal infections
 Syphilis
 Diphtheria
 Clostridium infections
 Anthrax

8. CONTRAINDICATIONS
Previous hypersensitivity to
penicillin.
Hypersensitivity to procaine or
benzathine.
Lactation
Renal failure

9. SIDE EFFECTS
 CNS:- Seizures
GI:- Diarrhoea , epigastric distress ,nausea
,vomiting , pseudomembranous colitis.
GU:-Interstitial nephritis
 DERM.:-Rashes ,urticaria.
 HEMAT.:-Eosinophilia, haemolytic anaemia,
leucopoenia.
 LOCAL:-Pain at IM site, Phlebitis at IV site.
MISC.:- Allergic reactions, Anaphylaxis ,serum
sickness.

10. PRECAUTIONS
☻Before giving penicillin, history of previous
administration and allergic manifestations if
any ,must be noted.
☻It should be avoided in patients with history
of Asthma , Hay fever etc. because there is
high risk of penicillin allergy .

11. CONTD:-
☻Sensitivity test should be performed before
administration .
☻Inj. Adrenaline and Hydrocortisone should b
kept ready before injecting penicillin to treat
anaphylactic reaction.
☻Less dose is recommended for patients with
renal diseases.

12. NURSING RESPONSIBLITIES
 ASSESSMENT:-
 Assess for infection at beginning of and during
therapy .
 Obtain history to determine previous use of
and reactions to penicillin.
 Obtain samples for culture and sensitivity.
 Observe patient for sign and symptoms of
anaphylaxis.
 If any symptom occur discontinue drug.
 Keep epinephrine and resuscitation equipment
close in case of anaphylaxis reaction.

13. Cont.-
 LAB TEST CONSIDERATIONS:-
 After large dose of penicillin G potassium ,
hyperkalemia may develop.
 Serum sodium concentration should be monitored .
 May cause leukopenia and neutropenia.

14. CONT.-
 ADMINISTRATION:-
 PO:-Administer without regards for meals.
 IM :-reconstitute according to manufacturer’s
instructions, shake well before administration,
may be diluted with lidocaine to minimize pain
of IM inj. .,
 IV:- Change IV sites every 48 hourly, administer
slowly

15. Cont..
 PATIENT AND FAMILY TEACHING :-
 Instruct patient to take medications around the clock and
finish drug completely as directed, even if feeling better.
 Advice patient that sharing this medication may be
dangerous.
 Instruct patient to notify health care professionals if
symptoms like fever , diahorrea develop , especially if stool
contains pus ,blood etc. .