HRSC Techniques: High-Resolution Hydrogeologic Characterization Presentation given at the Remediation Workshops in: * Oakland, CA - January 25, 2017 * Sacramento, CA- January 26, 2017 * Long Beach, CA- February 7, 2017 * Los Angeles (Rosemead), CA- February 8, 2017

1. High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
Techniques:
High-Resolution
Hydrogeologic Characterization

2. Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG
President/Principal Hydrogeologist
Sacramento, California
Global Reach
Geologists with HRSC Tools

3. ASC Service Offerings
• MIP - Membrane Interface Probe
• HPT - Hydraulic Profiling Tool
• OIP – Optical image Profiler
• UVOST® - Ultra-Violet Optical Screening Tool
• CPT - Cone Penetration Testing
• PST - Pneumatic Slug Testing
• 3-Dimensional (3D) Modeling & GIS Integration
• New Technology Evaluation

5. • What is HRSC?
• DP HRSC Technology Overview
• OIP – Optical Image Profiler
• HPT – Hydraulic Profiling Tool
• Typical Applications
High-Resolution Hydrogeologic Characterization
Presentation Overview

6. High-Resolution Site
Characterization (HRSC)

7. • Enhanced Site Details (Scale Appropriate)
• Reduce Uncertainty (Better CSM’s)
• Best Management Practice (BMP)
• Applicable to all Sites
• Data Density
– DQO (Data Quality Objective)
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

8. Data Density Example
30 Borings, 10 Wells, 10 Years
120 Soil & 400 GW Samples = 520 Data Points
10 DP Locations to 50 Feet (3 Days)
10 Locations x 20 Samples/Foot x 7 Channels =
>70,000 Data Points
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)

9. HRSC Effectiveness
• Better Quality of Analytical Data (Selection)
• Better Definition of Analytical Data (Data Density)
• Reduction in Iterative Events (Project Time)
• No IDW’s

10. • Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
• UVIF (OIP/LIF/UVOST®/ROST, FFD)
• Membrane Interface Probe (MIP)
• Cone Penetration Testing (CPT)
High-Resolution Site Characterization (HRSC)
Direct Push Technologies

11. Direct-Push
HRSC Technology Overview

12. Optical Image Profiler (OIP)
NEW Technology!
UVIF Technology for Hi-Resolution
Real-Time Hydrocarbon Detection

13. OIP Technology Overview

14. Purpose:
• UV induced fluorescence of NAPL
hydrocarbons in soil.
Method:
• High intensity UV light directed at the
soil
• Hydrocarbons present fluoresce.
• An Image of the soil is captured.
• Analyzed for fluorescence.
Visible light images may also be obtained.
Light
Source
Camera
EC Dipole
Optical
Window
OIP Description

15. OIP Image

16. Cross Section of Logs
at crude oil spill site.
Fluorescence
Elec. Cond.

17. Fluorescence Image of Fuel
Globules in Soil
OIP Visible Images
Visible Image, Sand Matrix.

18. Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)

19. Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
Key Features
• Fast, Continuous, Real-time Profiling
– Hydrostratigraphic/Hydrogeologic Characteristics
– Formation Hydraulic Properties
– Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)
• High Resolution – 0.05 ft (1.5 cm)
• Digital Output

20. Hydraulic Profiling Tool (HPT)
Primary Data Collected
• Electrical Conductivity (EC)
• HPT Pressure
• HPT Flow Rate

21. Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)
Soil EC (Fresh Water)
Low EC = Coarse-Grained Soil
High EC = Fine-Grained Soils

22. Soil Electrical Conductivity (EC)

23. HPT Principals of Operation

24. Electrical Conductivity (EC) “fresh water formations”
• Increase EC = Increasing Fine Content
• Decrease EC = Coarser Grained
HPT Pressure (all formations)
• Increasing P = Decreasing Permeability
• Decreasing P = Increasing Permeability
HPT Principals of Operation

25. Relationships Between
EC, Pressure, & Flow
Coarse-Grained Soils
• Low EC
• High Flow
• Low Pressure
Fine-Grained Soils
• High EC
• Low Flow
• High Pressure
HPT Principals of Operation

26. Low EC, High Pressure, Low Flow
• Caliche
• Silty/Clayey Gravels
High EC, Low Pressure, High Flow
• Saline
• High TDS Waters
HPT Principals of Operation
Exceptions to the Rules

27. TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
HYDRAULIC PROFILING TOOL (HPT)

28. HPT Applications
Hydrogeologic Characterization
• High-Resolution Hydrostratigraphic Modeling
• Piezometric Head – Confined & Unconfined Conditions
• Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
• Infiltration/Permeability Studies

29. HPT Applications
CSM & Remedial Design/Implementation
• Migratory Pathway Delineation
• Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
• Well Placement & Construction
• Remedial Injection Calculations - ROI
• Remedial Action QA/QC

30. HPT Applications
• Estimation of Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
• Migratory Pathway Delineation
• Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
• Remedial Action QA/QC
• Well Placement & Construction
• Infiltration/Permeability Studies

31. Estimation of
Hydraulic Conductivity (K)

32. Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Empirical Model
K = f(Q/PF)
*Model Limits ~0.1 to 75 ft/day
HPT Data needs to be corrected for:
• Atmospheric Pressure
• Column Height
PHPT = PATM + PH + PF

34. Estimating Hydraulic Conductivity (K)
Correcting for Hydrostatic Pressure
Hydrostatic
Pressure
2.31 ft = 1 psi
0.433 psi/ft

37. Migratory Pathway Delineation

38. EXAMPLE FORMER UST SITE
Paleo-Channel

39. Target Lithology/Zone Identification
& Delineation

40. Target Lithology/Zone Identification & Delineation
Remedial Hydraulic Fracturing QA/QC

41. Remedial Injection QA/QC

42. A’A
Remedial Injection QA/QC

43. Well Placement & Construction

44. Well Placement
& Construction
Zone B
Zone A

45. Infiltration/Permeability Studies
Groundwater Sustainability Plans (GSP)

46. Infiltration/Permeability Studies
Infiltration/Percolation Testing

47. Infiltration/Permeability Studies
HPT Investigation

48. Resources

49. Resources
HPT SOP: Geoprobe Technical Bulletin MK3137
Geoprobe Direct Imaging - http://www.geoprobe.com
HPT Standard Guide (ASTM D8037-16)
“Standard Guide for Direct Push Hydraulic Logging for Profile Variations of Permeability in Soils”
Accelerated Site Characterization [ASC] (ASTM E1912)
“Standard Guide for ASC for Confirmed or Suspected Petroleum Releases”
Expedited Site Characterization [ESC] (ASTM D6235)
“Standard Practice for ESC of Vadose Zone and Ground Water Contamination at Hazardous
Waste Contaminated Sites”
US EPA ESA (EPA-510-B-97-001)
“Expedited Site Assessment Tools for Underground Storage Tank Sites”

50. Resources
US EPA HRSC https://clu-in.org/characterization/technologies/hrsc/
US EPA Clu-In https://clu-in.org/characterization/
US EPA TRIAD http://www.triadcentral.org/
ASTM ESC http://www.astm.org/Standards/D6235.htm
ASTM ASC http://www.astm.org/Standards/E1912.htm
Brownfields https://brownfieldstsc.org/roadmap/contByInvTech.cfm

51. Questions?
Thank You!

52. Eric W. Garcia, PG, CEG, CHG
President/Principal Hydrogeologist
11275 Sunrise Gold Circle, Suite R
Rancho Cordova, California
(925) 756-1210 Office
ericgarcia@ASC-Technologies.com