Measure Critique Critiqued by: Date: Name of measure: FAD- Family Assessment Devise Developer(s): Source reference (provide the complete citation, using correct APA format, of the article, book or website that contains the key information on the measure you are critiquing here): Construct(s) assessed (e.g., depression, relationship satisfaction, stress): Method of administration: Summary of reliability evidence (this includes internal consistency reliability, usually Cronbach’s alpha and often test-retest reliability as well): Summary of validity evidence (this may include discussions of content, criterion-related [concurrent and/or predictive], and construct [convergent and/or divergent] validity): Describe the number of participants used to develop the measure and their demographic characteristics (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity): Provide a brief summary of how clinicians have used this measure in therapy: Recommendations for effective clinical use: With what populations has this measure been used with (either clinically or in research) (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity, setting) Find and briefly mention the purpose of 2-3 few research studies that have used the measure: Provide a summary of the findings from one study that used this measure using this template: Objective: Method/Design: Results: What future research is needed on this measure? Overall impression of measure: References Sample Measure Critique Critiqued by: KL Date: January 25, 2016 Name of measure: PHQ9 Developer(s): Kurt Kroenke, Robert L. Spitzer, & Janet B.W. Williams Source reference:https://www.communitycarenc.org/media/related-downloads/depression-toolkit.pdf Construct(s) assessed: Criteria-based diagnosis of depression in individuals seen in primary care and other medical and mental health facilities Method of administration: Nine symptom checklist that can be professionally or self-administered (paper and pencil, electronically, or over the phone). Summary of reliability evidence: · Internal reliability was excellent, with a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.89 in a Primary Care Study and 0.86 in an OB-Gyn Study (Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001). · Test-retest reliability was very high at a 0.96 in a longitudinal study (Draper et al., 2008). Summary of validity evidence: In a study done by Kroenke et al. (2001), both criterion and construct validity were established as well as external validity. Construct validity was demonstrated in a sample of 580 primary care patients who underwent an independent re-interview. Criterion validity was shown by the strong association between PHQ-9 scores and functional status disability days and symptoms related difficulty. External validity was achieved by replicating the findings from 3,000 primary care patients in a second sample of 3,000 Ob-gyn patients. · The PHQ-9 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88% for major depression. PHQ-9 sores of 5, 10, 15, 20 fully represented mild, moderate, moderatel ...

1. Measure Critique
Critiqued by:
Date:
Name of measure: FAD- Family Assessment Devise
Developer(s):
Source reference (provide the complete citation, using correct
APA format, of the article, book or website that contains the
key information on the measure you are critiquing here):
Construct(s) assessed (e.g., depression, relationship
satisfaction, stress):
Method of administration:
Summary of reliability evidence (this includes internal
consistency reliability, usually Cronbach’s alpha and often test-
retest reliability as well):
Summary of validity evidence (this may include discussions of
content, criterion-related [concurrent and/or predictive], and
construct [convergent and/or divergent] validity):
Describe the number of participants used to develop the
measure and their demographic characteristics (e.g., age,
gender, race/ethnicity):
Provide a brief summary of how clinicians have used this
measure in therapy:
Recommendations for effective clinical use:
With what populations has this measure been used with (either
clinically or in research) (e.g., age, gender, race/ethnicity,
setting)

2. Find and briefly mention the purpose of 2-3 few research
studies that have used the measure:
Provide a summary of the findings from one study that used this
measure using this template:
Objective:
Method/Design:
Results:
What future research is needed on this measure?
Overall impression of measure:
References
Sample Measure Critique
Critiqued by: KL
Date: January 25, 2016
Name of measure: PHQ9
Developer(s): Kurt Kroenke, Robert L. Spitzer, & Janet B.W.
Williams
Source
reference:https://www.communitycarenc.org/media/related-
downloads/depression-toolkit.pdf
Construct(s) assessed: Criteria-based diagnosis of depression in
individuals seen in primary care and other medical and mental
health facilities
Method of administration: Nine symptom checklist that can be
professionally or self-administered (paper and pencil,
electronically, or over the phone).
Summary of reliability evidence:

3. · Internal reliability was excellent, with a Cronbach’s alpha of
0.89 in a Primary Care Study and 0.86 in an OB-Gyn Study
(Kroenke, Spitzer, & Williams, 2001).
· Test-retest reliability was very high at a 0.96 in a longitudinal
study (Draper et al., 2008).
Summary of validity evidence:
In a study done by Kroenke et al. (2001), both criterion and
construct validity were established as well as external validity.
Construct validity was demonstrated in a sample of 580 primary
care patients who underwent an independent re-interview.
Criterion validity was shown by the strong association between
PHQ-9 scores and functional status disability days and
symptoms related difficulty. External validity was achieved by
replicating the findings from 3,000 primary care patients in a
second sample of 3,000 Ob-gyn patients.
· The PHQ-9 had a sensitivity of 88% and a specificity of 88%
for major depression. PHQ-9 sores of 5, 10, 15, 20 fully
represented mild, moderate, moderately severe, and severe
depression respectively (Kroenke et al., 2001).
Summary of clinical use:
The PHQ-9 was founded and used in primary care settings
where a nurse, physician or mental health provider has
administered the questionnaire. In recent years, it has also been
administered in many different types of medical settings and in
mental health offices. Administration by telephone and touch-
screen has been validated (Fann et al., 2009; Kroenke et al.,
2001). Often times it is self administered and the mental health
provider or medical health provider can score and determine
possible depression and severity at the time administered. It has
also been shown to notify mental health providers if
therapy/treatment is going well.

4. Recommendations for clinical use:
The PHQ-9 is a tool that can be used for diagnosing depression,
depression severity, and gauging response to depression
treatment in clinical research (Lowe, Unutzer, Callahan &
Kroenke, 2004; Lowe, Unutzer, Callahan, Perkins, & Kroenke,
2004). The PHQ-9 will be of great help in therapy to determine
if the patient is responding to therapy/treatment. This particular
measure is designed to be used in conjunction with the DSM-5
to provide correct diagnosis and severity level. Since this
assessment tool has been used widely throughout different
settings and with a diverse population, it will be important to
research your population/setting to best reach a correct
diagnosis and severity level, especially during therapy.
Summary of research use:
· Clinical Interviewing for depression (Fann et al., 2005)
· Determining depression in primary care settings (DeJesus,
Vickers, Melin, Williams, 2007; Kroenke et al., 2001)
· Comparisons to other mental health assessments (Draper et al.,
2008; Kroenke et al., 2001)
· Determining if the assessment works for other cultures and
countries (Huang, Chung, Kroenke, Delucchi & Spitzer, 2006;
Yeung et al., 2008 )
· Longitudinal research of depression after traumatic events
(Draper et al., 2008)
· Diagnosis and assessment of depression with comorbid disease
or medical conditions (Lamers et al., 2008; Fann et al., 2005)

5. · Ability to predict depression severity and accomplishment of
therapy/treatments (Lowe, Unutzer, Callahan, et al., 2004a;
Lowe, Unutzer, Callahan, Perkins, et al., 2004b).
Populations utilized with:
The population has been utilized and validated with individuals
of various cultural backgrounds, countries, languages, medical
conditions, marital status, gender, age, regions of the U.S.,
post-disaster, education status, and economical status. Some
examples to name a few are as follows:
· Oncology, using touch screens (Fann et al., 2009)
· Individuals following traumatic brain injury (Fann et al.,
2005)
· Primary care patients (DeJesus et al., 2007)
· Those affected by child abuse or gender-based violence
(Anastario, Larrance & Lawry, 2008; Draper et al., 2008)
· Used in different countries and in different language versions
(Han et al., 2008; Yeung et al., 2008)
· Racially and ethnically diverse population at primary care
facilities (African American, Chinese American, Latino, and
non-Hispanic white patient groups) (Huang et al., 2006)
· Chronically ill elder patients (Lamers et al., 2008)
Example of use in research: (Lamers et al., 2008)
Objective: to assess the psychometric properties of the PHQ-9
as a screening tool for depression in elderly patients with
diabetes and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

6. without previously known depression.
Method/Design: Diabetes and COPD patients older than 59
years were given PHQ-9. 105 participants were given a test-
retest assessment. Participants were also given the Mini
International Neuropsychiatric Interview psychiatric interview
to diagnose major depressive disorder (MDD) and established
Criterion validity. Correlations with quality of life and severity
of illness were calculated to assess construct validity.
Results: PHQ-9 is a valid and reliable screening instrument for
depression in elderly primary care patients with diabetes and
COPD
Future research needed:
Future research is needed to determine if the PHQ-9 would be
used instead of longer, more costly, interviewer-administered
outcome measures such as the Hamilton Depression Rating
Scale.
Overall impression of measure:
The PHQ-9 has well established reliability and validity and can
be used with a variety of populations in both medical and non-
medical settings. I think it can be a wonderful tool for clinicians
with depressed clients to determine if therapy is working.
References
Anastario, M. P., Larrance, R., & Lawry, L. (2008). Using
Mental Health Indicators to Identify
Postdisaster Gender-Based Violence among Women Displaced
by Hurricane Katrina.
Journal of Women's Health, 17(9), 1437-1444.

7. DeJesus, R. S., Vickers, K. S., Melin, G. J., & Williams, M. D.
(2007). A System-Based
Approach to Depression Management in Primary Care Using the
Patient Health
Questionnaire-9. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 82(11), 1395-1402.
Draper, B., Pfaff, J. J., Pirkis, J., Snowdon, J., Lautenschlager,
N. T., Wilson, I., et al. (2008).
Long-Term Effects of Childhood Abuse on the Quality of Life
and Health of Older
People: Results from the Depression and Early Prevention of
Suicide in General Practice
Project. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 56(2), 262-
271.
Fann, J. R., Berry, D. L., Wolpin, S., Austin-Seymour, M.,
Bush, N., Halpenny, B., et al. (2009).
Depression screening using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9
administered on a touch
screen computer. Psycho-Oncology, 18(1), 14-22.
Fann, J. R., Bombardier, C. H., Dikmen, S., Esselman, P.,
Warms, C. A., Pelzer, E., et al. (2005).
Validity of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 in Assessing
Depression Following
Traumatic Brain Injury. Journal of Head Trauma Rehabilitation,
20(6), 501-511.
Han, C., Jo, S. A., Kwak, J. H., Pae, C. U., Steffens, D., Jo, I.,
et al. (2008). Validation of the
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 Korean version in the elderly
population: the Ansan
Geriatric study. Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(2), 218-223.

8. Huang, F., Chung, H., Kroenke, K., Delucchi, K., & Spitzer, R.
L. (2006). Using the Patient
Health Questionnaire-9 to Measure Depression among Racially
and Ethnically Diverse
Primary Care Patients. Journal of General Internal Medicine,
21(6), 547-552.
Huang, F. Y., Chung, H., Kroenke, K., Delucchi, K. L., &
Spitzer, R. L. (2006). Using the
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to measure depression among
racially and ethnically
diverse primary care patients. Journal of General Internal
Medicine, 21(6), 547-552.
Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., & Williams, J. B. W. (2001). The
PHQ-9. JGIM: Journal of General
Internal Medicine, 16(9), 606-613.
Laowe, B., Kroenke, K., Herzog, W., & Grafe, K. (2004).
Measuring depression outcome with a
brief self-report instrument: sensitivity to change of the Patient
Health Questionnaire
(PHQ-9). Journal of Affective Disorders, 81(1), 61-66.
Laowe, B., Unutzer, J., Callahan, C. M., Perkins, A. J., &
Kroenke, K. (2004). Monitoring
depression treatment outcomes with the patient health
questionnaire-9. Medical Care,
42(12), 1194-1201.
Lamers, F., Jonkers, C. C., Bosma, H., Penninx, B. W.,
Knottnerus, J. A., & van Eijk, J. T.
(2008). Summed score of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9
was a reliable and valid
method for depression screening in chronically ill elderly
patients. Journal Of Clinical

9. Epidemiology, 61(7), 679-687.
Yeung, A., Fung, F., Yu, S. C., Vorono, S., Ly, M., Wu, S., et
al. (2008). Validation of the
Patient Health Questionnaire-9 for depression screening among
Chinese Americans.
Comprehensive Psychiatry, 49(2), 211-217.