1) Two major oil benchmark prices are Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI). Brent is derived primarily from four regions in the North Sea - Brent, Forties, Oseberg, and Ekofisk. The oil supply is easily air borne which facilitates easy transportation to other locations around the world. WTI is crude oil is extracted from oil wells in the United States, but the supply is land locked and is largely transported by pipeline to Chushing, Oklahoma. This also makes it relatively expensive to ship to other parts of the world. Brent is the most widely used oil price benchmark since about Two Thirdsof all crude oil contracts are priced using this. Price difference is largely due to: - Transportation Cost and Storage cost differentials between Europe and the US - Political Reasons - A lower sulphur content in WTI - Due to the shale boom in the WTI region, new drilling technology, increase of supply, and increased infrastructure, WTI prices were consistently a little lower 6) An MLP or Master Limited Partnership is a business venture that is a limited partnership but will also be publicly traded.The major benefit is the liquidity similar to traded securities while being able to enoy the tax benefits of a limited partnership. The incentivised tax treatment is a point of attraction for major oil and gas producers. Their oil and gas pipeline assets have been transferred to the MLPs created for this purpose which these major oil companies control as partners. In such cases, their individual fees are governed by factors such as volume transported in their pipelines, instead of il prices. This provides stability to the business. Examples - Vanguard Natural Res LLC, BreitBurn Energy Partners LP, LinnCO LLC 7) Hydraulic fracturing or fracking,is a technique to simulate oil extraction from wells. Rock is fractured by a pressurized liquid. Fracking fluid which is basically water with sand or similar compoundssuspended using thickening agents; is injected into a well. This enables creation of cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow more freely. Small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide) hold the fractures open even after the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well. Fracking is controversial since critics of the process argue that the economic benefits of extensive and easily available resources are outweighed by the potential environmental impacts, which include risks of water contamination, air and noise pollution, and the triggering of earthquakes. It also has a potentially negative impact on health of workers and residents and envirnmental conditions in the surrounding areas. 8) The Oil Glut in question has arisen due to the excessive supply of oil that is well over the current demand in the market. This is further evidenced by high levels of oil inventory; which in turn has a direct impact on the pricing structure. Currently, there is an oil glut in the OPEC nations.

1. 1)
Two major oil benchmark prices are Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI).
Brent is derived primarily from four regions in the North Sea - Brent, Forties, Oseberg, and
Ekofisk. The oil supply is easily air borne which facilitates easy transportation to other locations
around the world.
WTI is crude oil is extracted from oil wells in the United States, but the supply is land locked
and is largely transported by pipeline to Chushing, Oklahoma. This also makes it relatively
expensive to ship to other parts of the world.
Brent is the most widely used oil price benchmark since about Two Thirdsof all crude oil
contracts are priced using this.
Price difference is largely due to:
- Transportation Cost and Storage cost differentials between Europe and the US
- Political Reasons
- A lower sulphur content in WTI
- Due to the shale boom in the WTI region, new drilling technology, increase of supply, and
increased infrastructure, WTI prices were consistently a little lower
6)
An MLP or Master Limited Partnership is a business venture that is a limited partnership but will
also be publicly traded.The major benefit is the liquidity similar to traded securities while being
able to enoy the tax benefits of a limited partnership.
The incentivised tax treatment is a point of attraction for major oil and gas producers. Their oil
and gas pipeline assets have been transferred to the MLPs created for this purpose which these
major oil companies control as partners. In such cases, their individual fees are governed by
factors such as volume transported in their pipelines, instead of il prices. This provides stability
to the business.
Examples - Vanguard Natural Res LLC, BreitBurn Energy Partners LP, LinnCO LLC
7)
Hydraulic fracturing or fracking,is a technique to simulate oil extraction from wells. Rock is
fractured by a pressurized liquid. Fracking fluid which is basically water with sand or similar
compoundssuspended using thickening agents; is injected into a well. This enables creation of
cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow
more freely. Small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide)
hold the fractures open even after the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well.
Fracking is controversial since critics of the process argue that the economic benefits of
extensive and easily available resources are outweighed by the potential environmental impacts,

2. which include risks of water contamination, air and noise pollution, and the triggering of
earthquakes. It also has a potentially negative impact on health of workers and residents and
envirnmental conditions in the surrounding areas.
8)
The Oil Glut in question has arisen due to the excessive supply of oil that is well over the current
demand in the market. This is further evidenced by high levels of oil inventory; which in turn has
a direct impact on the pricing structure. Currently, there is an oil glut in the OPEC nations; which
OPEC has been attempting to manage with systematic production cuts through 2017 and
continuing in 2018. However, progress on the OPEC oil glut management is likely to hit a
standstill since recent reports published indicate a boom in US Shale (WTI) production. This will
add additional pressure to the ongoing glut.
15)
The dollar to euro parity indicates changing money supplies; the dwindling importance of the use
of the Euro in major foreign contract pricing, disparity of Central Bank policies of the European
Union and the Unites States as well as movement of interest rates in opposite directions driven
by vastly different economic conditions in the European Union and the United States currently.
In short, the Euro is losing value againt the Dollar in the World Market. Further, the European
Union is also motivated to keep the Euro cheap by increasing the supply of Euro so as to grant
economic stimulus and boost economic growth in the European Union.
Belgium, Cyprus,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, and Spain, Austria, Greece, Latvia all use the Euro.
22)
Like physical currency, cryptocurrency is also a medium of exchange. the process of
cryptography is used for transactions to be verified. Even creation of new currency is entirely
controlled through cryptography.
Many online and offline merchats now accept cryptocurrencies as valid payment.
They are quite the rage due to mainstream media coverage and growing investor interest. It is
largely a speculative boom. Further, they seem to be regulatory grey areas in many nations
currently. However, any eager investors do not understand the cryptocurrency world and the
potential risks.
23)
Bitcoin
Ethereum
Litecoin
Ripple
Monero

3. Dash
IOTA
NEM
TRON
Stellar
Solution
1)
Two major oil benchmark prices are Brent and West Texas Intermediate (WTI).
Brent is derived primarily from four regions in the North Sea - Brent, Forties, Oseberg, and
Ekofisk. The oil supply is easily air borne which facilitates easy transportation to other locations
around the world.
WTI is crude oil is extracted from oil wells in the United States, but the supply is land locked
and is largely transported by pipeline to Chushing, Oklahoma. This also makes it relatively
expensive to ship to other parts of the world.
Brent is the most widely used oil price benchmark since about Two Thirdsof all crude oil
contracts are priced using this.
Price difference is largely due to:
- Transportation Cost and Storage cost differentials between Europe and the US
- Political Reasons
- A lower sulphur content in WTI
- Due to the shale boom in the WTI region, new drilling technology, increase of supply, and
increased infrastructure, WTI prices were consistently a little lower
6)
An MLP or Master Limited Partnership is a business venture that is a limited partnership but will
also be publicly traded.The major benefit is the liquidity similar to traded securities while being
able to enoy the tax benefits of a limited partnership.
The incentivised tax treatment is a point of attraction for major oil and gas producers. Their oil
and gas pipeline assets have been transferred to the MLPs created for this purpose which these
major oil companies control as partners. In such cases, their individual fees are governed by
factors such as volume transported in their pipelines, instead of il prices. This provides stability
to the business.
Examples - Vanguard Natural Res LLC, BreitBurn Energy Partners LP, LinnCO LLC
7)
Hydraulic fracturing or fracking,is a technique to simulate oil extraction from wells. Rock is

4. fractured by a pressurized liquid. Fracking fluid which is basically water with sand or similar
compoundssuspended using thickening agents; is injected into a well. This enables creation of
cracks in the deep-rock formations through which natural gas, petroleum, and brine will flow
more freely. Small grains of hydraulic fracturing proppants (either sand or aluminium oxide)
hold the fractures open even after the hydraulic pressure is removed from the well.
Fracking is controversial since critics of the process argue that the economic benefits of
extensive and easily available resources are outweighed by the potential environmental impacts,
which include risks of water contamination, air and noise pollution, and the triggering of
earthquakes. It also has a potentially negative impact on health of workers and residents and
envirnmental conditions in the surrounding areas.
8)
The Oil Glut in question has arisen due to the excessive supply of oil that is well over the current
demand in the market. This is further evidenced by high levels of oil inventory; which in turn has
a direct impact on the pricing structure. Currently, there is an oil glut in the OPEC nations; which
OPEC has been attempting to manage with systematic production cuts through 2017 and
continuing in 2018. However, progress on the OPEC oil glut management is likely to hit a
standstill since recent reports published indicate a boom in US Shale (WTI) production. This will
add additional pressure to the ongoing glut.
15)
The dollar to euro parity indicates changing money supplies; the dwindling importance of the use
of the Euro in major foreign contract pricing, disparity of Central Bank policies of the European
Union and the Unites States as well as movement of interest rates in opposite directions driven
by vastly different economic conditions in the European Union and the United States currently.
In short, the Euro is losing value againt the Dollar in the World Market. Further, the European
Union is also motivated to keep the Euro cheap by increasing the supply of Euro so as to grant
economic stimulus and boost economic growth in the European Union.
Belgium, Cyprus,Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Malta, the
Netherlands, Portugal, Slovakia,Slovenia, and Spain, Austria, Greece, Latvia all use the Euro.
22)
Like physical currency, cryptocurrency is also a medium of exchange. the process of
cryptography is used for transactions to be verified. Even creation of new currency is entirely
controlled through cryptography.
Many online and offline merchats now accept cryptocurrencies as valid payment.
They are quite the rage due to mainstream media coverage and growing investor interest. It is
largely a speculative boom. Further, they seem to be regulatory grey areas in many nations
currently. However, any eager investors do not understand the cryptocurrency world and the

5. potential risks.
23)
Bitcoin
Ethereum
Litecoin
Ripple
Monero
Dash
IOTA
NEM
TRON
Stellar