2. It must be non-irritating to the skin.
It must soften the beard so that the hair are cut easily.
It must retain moisture during the period it remains on
the face.
If it is to be used with a brush, it should be able to
develop high lather rapidly.
It should be non-corrosive to the container in which it is
packed.
It should be stable over wide range of temperatures.
It should have sufficient viscosity to hold individual hair
erect so that it could be cut close to the skin surface.
02
3. Definition:-
Shaving soaps typically refers to a hard soap that is
whipped into a lather using a shaving brush.
History:-
Hard shaving soaps in their modern form have existed
since at least the early 19th century.
Shaving soaps can be presented in bar, stick or cup
formulations.
03
4. Bar or Cake Shaving Soap:-
MATERIALS USED QUANTITY (%)
Toilet Soap 45.0
Coconut Oil 7.0
Stearic Acid 12.0
Fat 20.0
Caustic Potash Solution 10.0
Caustic Soda Solution 2.5
Water (to make) 100.0
Anti-oxidant q.s.
04
5. The solid shaving soap can be made in crutcher using a
mix of sodium and potassium hydroxide. The glycerin
that is produced from fats is used in in the finished
cake. Thus, the product has shiny or sticky feel.
To make cake shaving soap a kettle-made boiled soda
soap can be used.
For making shaving stick or shaving bowl soap, it is
advantageous to use plodder of great packing power.
05
6. Definition:-
Lather shaving cream is defined as a mixture of soap in
glycerin and water.
Characteristics:-
It should produce rich and copious lather.
It should be non-irritant to the skin.
It should be smooth, soft and free from lumps.
It should have good wetting properties.
06
8. Oils/fats are melted and filtered and are saponified
with soda lye in presence of glycerin.
Melted stearic acid is added with slow stirring.
The cream is then superfatted with boric acid, etc.
Heating is stopped and stirring is continued till the
cream cools.
When the temperature drops to 40-45C, perfume is
added. The cream is allowed to stand for 3-4 weeks
before packaging.
08
9. Definition:-
Brushless shaving cream, as the name suggests does
not require brush for applying. The cream is applied
and spread with fingers.
History:-
The method was popularised in the United States
after the First World War.
09
10. A brushless shaving cream is an oil-in-water
emulsion.
MATERIALS USED QUANTITY (%)
Glyceryl monostearate 10.0
Stearic Acid 6.0
Glycerin 4.0
Mineral oil 1.0
Water (to make) 100.0
Perfume & Preservative q.s.
10
11. The standard method is to heat water and water-
soluble ingredients to 65-70C and add to the molten
oil and fats heated to the same temperature with
stirring.
Cream is cooled to about 45C and perfume is added.
The cream is then allowed to mature, this period varies
from 24hrs to a week.
11
12. Aerosol shaving foams are o/w emulsions.
When the preparation is discharged to the atmosphere,
droplets of propellant vaporise producing vapour
bubbles surrounded by aqueous surfactant phase.
12
13. Saturated fatty acids are main components of aerosol
shaving cream and so used in proportion of 7-9%.
Alkali likes potassium hydroxide may be used. The
quantity of alkali is so adjusted that the formulation
contains 1-3% of free fatty acids.
Humectants such as glycerol, sorbitol are added in
concentrations upto 3-10%.
Lubricants—›to make passage of the razor over the face
easy. Proportions used 1-2%.
Propellants:- fluorocarbons(7-10%), etc. propellants used
to lower the foam density.
Soap compatible perfumes are used (0.15-0.65%).
13
15. Ease of transfer of the cream to the face.
Ease of its spreading on the face.
Closeness of shave.
Gliding properties for ease of shaving.
Compatibility and acceptance of perfume.
Effect of cream on the life of razor blade.
Wetting properties of foam, its texture, rigidity,
rheology, and stability.
Ease with which the lather can be removed from razor.
Determination of free fatty acid content.
15
