Networking concepts by Amresh Tiwari

Networking
ConceptConcept
- Amresh Tiwari
By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)

Contents:-
 Definition
 CN Components
 Advantages Of
Networking
 Networking Media
 Types of Network
 Networking
Terminology
 Protocols

what is network
When two or more than two entity are connected
with each other with a medium is called network.
Example :
Man Network, Road Network, Banks ATM
Man Network, Road Network, Banks ATM
Railway Line, Telephone Network
Water Network etc.

Then,
What is a Computer Network?What is a Computer Network?

When two or more than two
computers and other peripheral
devices are interconnected to eachdevices are interconnected to each
other for the purpose of sharing
resources and information is known as
Computer Network.

Parts Of Computer Network as
a Data Communication System

Sendertransmit data to other nodes in the network.
Receiver receive the data in the network.
Transmission Medium is a physical path through which the
message travel from sender to the receiver.
Example : - Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, FiberExample : - Twisted pair cable, Coaxial cable, Fiber
optics cable and Radio waves .
Protocolis a set of rules that governs the data communication.
Without a protocol the data can’t be exchanged.
Messageis the information to be communicated. It can contain text,
pictures, audio, video, etc.

Points to remember-
 Each computer in a network is called Node.
 Each Node acts as either Sender or a Receiver.
 These node are connected to each other
through some medium like cables , radio
waves etc.

Advantages Of Computer NetworkAdvantages Of Computer Network

Disadvantages Of Computer Network??
Is there any
Disadvantages Of Computer Network??

The Possible Disadvantages are-
Network faults can cause loose of Data
Network faults could lead to loose of
resources.resources.
Systems open to hackers.
Resources could be located too far from
users.

Network Media
or
Transmission Media
 The path through which data can be transmitted from
one location to another location is known as Network
Media or Transmission Media or Communication
Media.Media.
 The medium can be wires or air/ vaccum (wireless)
 On the basis of that, the types of Media are-

Network Media
Wired OR Bounded
OR Guided
Unwired OR Unbounded OR
Unguided
Ethernet
Cable
Coaxial
Cable
Optical
fiber
Cable
Bluetooth Infrared Wi-Fi

Guided Media
 It is defined as the physical medium through which
the signals are transmitted. It is also known as
Bounded media.
GuidedMedia
GuidedMedia
Twisted Pair
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber Cable

Ethernet Cable Or Twisted Pair CableEthernet Cable Or Twisted Pair Cable

Points to Remember-
There are mainly two types of Ethernet/Twisted Pair
Cable-
1.1. CrossoverCrossover CableCable – Designed to connect two devices of
the same type, e.g. two computers or two switches.
2.2. StraightStraight--throughthrough CableCable – Both the ends identical. And2.2. StraightStraight--throughthrough CableCable – Both the ends identical. And
used to connect a computer to a router or a switch.

Points to Remember-
There are mainly two types of Coaxial Cable-
1.1. Baseband Coaxial CableBaseband Coaxial Cable – Supports quick transmission
of a single signal at a time. Mainly used for LANs
2.2. Broadband Coaxial CableBroadband Coaxial Cable – Transmit multiple signals
at the same time and is used for long distances.at the same time and is used for long distances.

OpticalOptical FiberFiber CableCable

Twisted Pair
Coaxial Cable
Optical Fiber Cable

Unguided MediaUnguided Media
 An unguided transmission transmits the
electromagnetic waves without using any physical
medium. Therefore it is also known as wireless
transmission or unbounded media.transmission or unbounded media.
 In unguided media, air is the media
through which the electromagnetic
energy can flow easily.

Unguided
Bluetooth
Infrared
Unguided
Media
Infrared
Wi-Fi

Bluetooth is a short-range wireless communication
technology that allows devices such as mobile phones,technology that allows devices such as mobile phones,
computers, and peripherals to transmit data or voice
wirelessly over a short distance. Its uses low power radio
waves.
Maximum transmission range is up to 240 meters depending
on the Bluetooth version in use.

What is Infrared Technology?

InfraredInfrared (IR)(IR) is a wireless mobile technology used
for device communication over short ranges.
IR communication has major limitations because
it requires line-of-sight, has a short transmissionit requires line-of-sight, has a short transmission
range and is unable to penetrate walls.
IR transceivers are quite cheap and serve as short-
range communication solutions.

What is Wi-Fi?

WiWi--FiFi isis thethe namename ofof aa wirelesswireless
WiWi--FiFi stands forstands for Wireless FidelityWireless Fidelity
WiWi--FiFi isis thethe namename ofof aa wirelesswireless
networkingnetworking technologytechnology thatthat usesuses radioradio
waveswaves toto provideprovide wirelesswireless highhigh--
speedspeed networknetwork connectionsconnections..

.And required line-of-sight

Types Of Computer NetworkTypes Of Computer Network

By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School &
Hostel)

What Is a LAN?What Is a LAN?
A local area network (LAN) is a
collection of devices
connected together in one
physical location, such as a
building, office, or home.
building, office, or home.
LAN is operated in a small
area, it can be controlled and
administrated by a single
person or an organization.

Gateway
Gateway

MODEM:
 Modem is short for “Modulator-Demodulator”.
 A modem enable you to connect your computer to
the available internet connection over the existing
telephone line.
 It convert the digital signal of a computer into
analog signals to enable their transmission via
phone line.phone line.
 At the destination, the receiving modem further
converts the analog signal into digital signal so that
the data can be understood at the receiving end.

Categories of Modem
Internal Modem :- External Modem
 An internal modem comes
as a separate part that is
installed on the PCI
 The modem that are
connected externally to a
computer.installed on the PCI
(Peripheral Component
Interconnect) slots
available on the
motherboard.
computer.

HUBHUB
 A HUB is a networking device that is used to
connect multiple computers and computing
devices directly to the network by using cables.
 Each connection is called a port.
 As a multiport repeater it works by
 As a multiport repeater it works by
repeating transmissions received from
one of its ports to all other ports in the
network( i.e. it is broadcast to every
other port).
 So that it is a non-intelligent
network device.

SWITCHSWITCH
 Like a hub, a switch also has many ports, to
which computers are plugged in.
 It is an intelligentintelligent network device. When a
data arrives at any port of a network switch, it
examines the destination address and sends the
data to the corresponding device(s). Thus, itdata to the corresponding device(s). Thus, it
supports both unicastunicast and multicastmulticast
communications.
Fig.Fig.-- UnicastUnicast
Fig.Fig.--MulticastMulticast

Repeater
 Repeater is a communication device, used to regenerate a
signal.
 It receives electronic signals, clean them, and retransmit
them.
 Signals tend to distort when transmitted over long
distances.
 Repeaters are needed so that the signals can travel longer Repeaters are needed so that the signals can travel longer
distances with same strength or even at a higher power.

Network TerminologyNetwork Terminology
 Internet
 Intranet
 Bandwidth
Internet Services Provider
 Link
 Hyperlink
 Hypertext
Hypermedia Internet Services Provider
(ISP)
 Website
 Web Portal
 Webpages
 Homepage
 Hypermedia
 Uniform Resource Locate
(URL)
 IP Address
 Domain Naming System
(DNS)

InternetInternet
 Internet= International Network
 The Internet is a global system of
interconnected computer
networks that use the standard
Internet protocol suite to serve
billions of users worldwide. It is a
Internet protocol suite to serve
billions of users worldwide. It is a
network of networks that consists
of millions of private, public,
academic, business, and
government networks.
 The Internet is the largest
encyclopedia for all age groups.

Intranet (An Organization's Network)
 Intranet refers to a computer
network within an organization,
used to share file and resources
of the organization securely.
 The private information of an
organization cannot be accessedorganization cannot be accessed
by outside person as it is
protected by a firewall.
For example :- The employees of an
airlines are interlinked with each
other through the internet so that
they can access and modify booking
and flight data, but the same
information cannot be accessed by
an outsider.

ISP (Internet Service Provider)
 An Internet service provider
(ISP) is an organization which
provides access to the Internet
to the user.
 Some common ISPs Some common ISPs
providing internet service
in India are BSNL, Airtel,
Reliance etc.

Website
 A website is a collection of related
web pages containing images,
video, or other digital media, A
website is identified by a same
domain name, which is the
address of the website.
 These pages are written in Hyper
Text Markup Language(HTML) and
can be access by internet.
 A website is hosted on a server on
the World Wide Web. Each website
is owned and managed by an
individual company or
organization.

It is the firstfirst pagepage
of a Website. It
contains main
information aboutinformation about
a website along
with links to the
other parts of the
website.

IP Address
 An IP address, or simply an "IP," is a
unique address ( and logical address) that
identifies a device on the Internet or a local
network.
 It allows a system to be recognized by other
systems connected via the Internet protocol.systems connected via the Internet protocol.
 It is a 32 bit numeric address containing a set
of 4 number which varies from 0 to 255 .
 There are two primary types of IP
address formats used today — IPv4 (32 bit)
and IPv6 (128 bit). An example of IP address
is:- 205205..198198..00..11

Domain Name System(DNS)
 Domain names are used to establish a unique
identity. A domain name is your website name.
Organizations can choose a domain name that
corresponds to their name, helping Internet users to
reach them easily.
 A domain name consists of two parts. One is the
name of domain and other is web extension.
For example in the URL-
http://www.sunbeamschools.com/index.html, the
domain name is sunbeamschools.com.By-Amresh Tiwari, Sunbeam Suncity (School & Hostel)

Protocols
 Protocol, in , a set of rules or procedures fcomputer science
or transmitting data between electronic devices, such as
computers.
 Among the most important sets of Internet protocols
are TCP/IP, HTTPS, SMTP, and DNS.

Transmission medium
Bluetooth
PAN
Hyperlink
32
Protocol

TT
FF
FF
FF
FF
TT

Bluetooth Wireless technology
Intranet
Local Area Network (LAN)

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