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Objective: Present an overview of the main concepts of symmetric cryptography. Explain the difference between cryptanalysis and brute-force attack. Summarize the functionality of DES. Present an overview of AES. Explain the concepts of randomness and unpredictability with respect to random numbers. Understand the differences among true random number generators, pseudorandom number generators, and pseudorandom functions. Present an overview of stream ciphers and RC4. Compare and contrast ECB, CBC, CFB, and counter modes of operation. Assignment 2.1 What are the essential ingredients of a symmetric cipher? 2.2 What are the two basic functions used in encryption algorithms? 2.3 How many keys are required for two people to communicate via a symmetric cipher? 2.4 What is the difference between a block cipher and a stream cipher? 2.5 What are the two general approaches to attacking a cipher? 2.6 Why do some block cipher modes of operation only use encryption while others use both encryption and decryption? 2.7 What is triple encryption? 2.8 Why is the middle portion of 3DES a decryption rather than an encryption? Complete your answers on a WORD Document. .

Education

via a symmetric cipher?
2.4 What is the difference between a block cipher and a stream
cipher?
2.5 What are the two general approaches to attacking a cipher?
2.6 Why do some block cipher modes of operation only use
encryption while others use both encryption and decryption?
2.7 What is triple encryption?
2.8 Why is the middle portion of 3DES a decryption rather than
an encryption?
Complete your answers on a WORD Document.

Similar to ObjectivePresent an overview of the main concepts of symmetri.docx

Modern Internet protocols support several modes of operation in encryption tasks for data confidentiality to keep up with varied environments and provide the various choices, such as multi-mode IPSec support. To begin with we will provide a brief background on the modes of operation for symmetric-key block ciphers. Different block cipher modes of operation have distinct characteristics. For example, the cipher block chaining (CBC) mode is suitable for operating environments that require self-synchronizing capabilities, and the output feedback (OFB) mode requires encryption modules only. When using symmetric-key block cipher algorithms such as the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), users performing information encryption often encounter difficulties selecting a suitable mode of operation. This paper describes a structure for analyzing the block operation mode combination. This unified operation structure (UOS) combines existing common and popular block modes of operation. UOS does multi-mode of operation with most existing popular symmetric-key block ciphers and do not only consist of encryption mode such as electronic codebook (ECB) mode, cipher block chaining (CBC) mode, cipher feedback (CFB) mode and output feedback (OFB) mode, that provides confidentiality but also message authentication mode such as the cipher block chaining message authentication code (CBC-MAC) in cryptography. In Cloud Computing, information exchange frequently via the Internet and on-demand. This research provides an overview and information useful for approaching low-resource hardware implementation, which is proper to ubiquitous computing devices such as a sensor mote or an RFID tag. The use of the method is discussed and an example is given. This provides a common solution for multimode and this is very suitable for ubiquitous computing with several resources and environments. This study indicates a more effectively organized structure for symmetric-key block ciphers to improve their application scenarios. We can get that it is flexible in modern communication applications.

A NOVEL STRUCTURE WITH DYNAMIC OPERATION MODE FOR SYMMETRIC-KEY BLOCK CIPHERS

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Today is the era of Internet and networks applications. So,Information security is a challenging issue in today’s technological world. There is a demand for a stronger encryption which is very hard to crack. The role of Cryptography is most important in the field of network security. There is a broad range of cryptographic algorithms that are used for securing networks and presently continuous researches on the new cryptographic algorithms are going on for evolving more advanced techniques for secures communication. In this study is made for the cryptography algorithms, particularly algorithms- AES, DES, RSA, Blowfishare compared and performance is evaluated. Also some enhanced algorithms are described and compared with the enhanced algorithms. Keywords - AES, DES, BLOWFISH, Decryption, Encryption, Security

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From the last several years data and Security has become a main concern for anyone who connected to the internet. Data security prevents any modification in our data and ensures that our data is only accessible by the intended receiver. We have redeveloped methods and algorithm to achieve this level of security. Cryptography Is a technique for securing data, information and communication using some algorithms that make the data unreadable for human eye. We can decrypt the data using algorithm that is predefined by the sender. Devendra Kumar Meena | Dr. A. Rengarajan "Cryptography Methodologies" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-6 , October 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52232.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/52232/cryptography-methodologies/devendra-kumar-meena

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In modern world, security is the most valuable term in the field of communication system. Security comes along with many technologies and methods, where one of the most secure technologies is Cryptography where ordinary plain text is converted into cipher text for transferring data to the valid user. Cryptography algorithms can be divided into two types based on the number of keys such as Symmetric and Asymmetric where Symmetric algorithm works with one single key and Asymmetric algorithm works with two different keys. However, selecting the appropriate algorithms for specific application has been always a challenging task because of the latency, key size, and security issues. Cryptographic algorithms face different type of attacks like brute force attack, man in the middle attack, cycle attacks etc., which are still remained as threads. This paper presents the performance analysis, based on different performance metrics and threads, of various techniques of cryptographic algorithms and identifies the suitable algorithms for different types of applications.

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In many of today’s computer application needs, faster operation is essential to the efficient implementation of information security algorithm. RC4 has been used as the data encryption algorithm for many applications and protocols including the Wi-Fi, Skype, and Bit Torrent to name a few. Several efficient approaches to the implementation of RC4 have been proposed and we review some of those. More recently some parallel approaches to faster implementation of RC4 have been presented and we include those in our survey of efficient approaches to RC4. This paper presents an analysis of available hardware/software parallel implementations of RC4 symmetric key-based algorithm and some security approaches which make it more secure.

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Encryption modes affect the security of block ciphers. This paper proposes a new approach for identifying encryption modes based on machine learning and feature engineering. In the conditions of random keys and initialization vectors, five encryption modes are used for identification. Each mode is encrypted by several block ciphers. By comparing with previous work, we have overcome the shortcomings and improved the accuracy of identification by about 30% to 40%. The experiments improve the existing results and can effectively help cryptanalysts recover the keys.

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International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.

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