Eight soil samples closely situated cultivated field with varying cropping patterns have been assayed for fungi, bacteria, actinomycetes. The microbial population in different plots differed to a considerable extent. Plot with thick coverege and short term cropping pattern gave higher fungal counts. The availability of substrates for microbial growth seems to be an important factor in governing the soil microbial population. A marginal difference in moisture content and PH plays a negligible role in the determination of soil microflora.