1. Conversion of Crop Waste in to Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurtus eous
SIDDHANT SWAPNIL YADAV AND C.S. SINGH
1 2 3
1
2
3
Mushroom Research Laboratory, K.S.S. P.G. College, Ayodhya- Faizabad, (U.P.) India
Department of Biotechnology, Gandhi Faiz-e-Aam P.G. College, Shahjahnapur, (U.P.) India
Department of Botany, K.S.S. P.G. College, Ayodhya- Faizabad, (U.P.) India
e-mail: siddhant.ani@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
The present study deals with the use of ten locally
available crop wastes, ., banana pseudostem (
spp ), mustard husk ( ), mustard stem
( ), dry fruit of Ridge gourd (
), groundnut shell ( ), maize
cob ( ), paddy Straw ( ), pea straw
( ), rice husk ( ) and tobacco stem
( ) for various parameters of mushroom
production. Results regarding the time required for
spawn running, primordial development and maturation
of fruiting bodies on different substrates showed that they
appeared earlier on paddy straw and also gave significant
biologicalefficiency(66%) than thecontrol.
Key words
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Micro-organism:
Spawn strategy:
Substrate preparation:
Methodofcultivation:
Data concerningand Biologicalefficiency:
viz Musa
. Brassica campestris
Brassica campestris Luffa
aegyptiaca Arachis hypogaea
Zea mays Oryza sativa
Pisum sativum Oryza sativa
Nicotiana tabacum
Biological efficiency, Crop wastes, Pleurotus
eous,
et all et all
et all
Pleurotus eous
Triticum aestivum
Pleurotus eous
Musa .
Brassica campestris Brassica campestris
Luffa aegyptiaca
Arachis hypogaea Zea mays
Oryza sativa Pisum sativum Oryza
sativa Nicotiana tabacum
Triticum aestivum
The lignocellulosic complex constitutes a major portion
of the total carbon fixed by photosynthesis. However, only a
small fraction of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin produced
as agricultural by-product is utilized; most of this material is
considered waste material. The abundant availability of
wastes pose problem of disposal. Bio-conversion of these
renewable wastes would solve pollution problems and also
these organic wastes may become available for soil
enrichment. Bio-degradation of various agro and agro-
industrial wastes could be accomplished through several
micro organisms to degrade lignocellulosic complex.Among
the microbes, mushrooms were known to produce extra
cellular enzymes like manganese peroxidase (Martínez, et al.,
1994) , laccase (Das, , 2001, Platt, 1984,
Teradimans, 2002 ) lignin peroxidase and aryl alcohol
oxidase(Upadhyay, and Fritche, 1997) to degrade
lignocellulosic complex. Hence, biological pretreatment of
lignocellulosic wastes with mushroom may become
economicallyandenvironmentallyattractive.
The cultivationof mushrooms on agriculturaland animal
wastes is a very old practice in European countries, but in
India and other developing countries it is gaining popularity
day by day. The cultivation of pink oyster mushroom is less
documented, therefore, there is a vast scope of study in respect
ofitscultivation.
Keeping this in mind, present study was under taken to
evaluate different locally available crop wastes for better
productivityofthismushroomspecies.
The pure culture of (Berk) Sacc. was
obtained from the mushroom section of Plant Pathology
Department, Chandra Shekhar Azad University of
Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur (U.P.) India. The culture
was maintained and subcultured on potato dextrose agar
(PDA) medium.
Wheat grains ( ) were used as a spawn
substrate. The spawn was prepared by the Conventional
method.
The substrates used for cultivation of
were banana pseudostem ( spp ), mustard husk
( ), mustard stem ( ),
dry fruit of ridge gourd ( ), groundnut shell
( ), maize cob ( ), paddy Straw
( ), pea straw ( ), rice husk (
) and tobacco stem ( ). These were
compared to wheat straw ( ) which had been
recommended as the best substrate for mushroom cultivation
sungh sungh 1994. The substrates were collected, cleaned, air
dried and chopped in-to small pieces of about 1 cm length and
filled (500 g) in polypropylene bags (42×30 cm size). These
were washed separately in fresh water and then pasteurized in
the solution of formaldehyde (500ppm) and Bavistin (75ppm)
for18hasrecommendedbyVijay,andSohi,1987.
The beds were prepared from pasteurized substrate by
layer spawning following the procedure of Bano, 1971 .These
were incubated in a cultivation room at 22-30°C temperature
for spawn run. When the mycelium had completely covered
the beds, the polythene covering was taken off and the relative
humidity was maintained 85-95 per cent with the help of
humidifier.
The yield parameters recorded were, time lapsed in
spawn running, pin head initiation and maturity of fruit
bodies, number of flushes, mushroom yield, biological
efficiency, total number and weight per sporocarp on different
crop waste. The biological efficiency of mushroom was
Trends in Biosciences 6 (4): 418-420, 2013

2. worked out as percentage yield of fresh mushrooms in
relation to the dry weight of the substrate according to Chang
andMiles,1989.
Completely randomized design (CRD) was followed for
the experiment. All data were statistically analysed. The
critical difference (CD) was processed at the five per cent
probabilitylevel.
Mushroom production recorded in the experiment is
shown in Table 1. utilized all substrates for
mycelial growth and fruit body development. The substrates
had variable effect on duration of spawn running, initiation
and maturation of fruit bodies, which ranged from 10-28 days,
13-37 days and 17-41 days, respectively (Table1). As
compared to control (15, 18, 22 days) the paddy straw
substrate (10, 13, 17 days), pea straw (12, 14, 18 days), maize
cob (12, 15, 19 days) and mustard stem (12, 16, 20 days) had
shorter time recorded for those stages. The rest of the
substrates showed longer duration, being, the maximum
periodrecordedonricehusk (28,37,41days).
Yield data of fresh mushrooms revealed that only paddy
straw gave higher yield and biological efficiency (330 g,
66%) than the control. Mustard stem (310 g, 62%), and pea
straw (315 g, 63%) were similar to wheat straw alone.The rest
of the substrates particularly the rice husk (30g, 6%) gave
pooryieldsandbiologicalefficiency.
The number of fruit bodies harvested varied among the
substrates Studied. Pea straw (67) produced the highest
number of sporocarps while paddy straw (50), mustard stem
(53) and banana pseudo stem (52) were higher than control
(44). Average weight of sporocarps ranged from 2.14-6.84 g.
(Table1) The mushroom growth directly
depends upon the amount of nutrients present in the substrate
and their availability to fungus. The growth of
on diverse range of substrates indicated that the all substrate
materials meet the nutritional requirements desired for fungal
growth.The primordial development depends on the substrate
used. Material with high quality of lignin and cellulose
contents take a longer time to initiate the pinning compared to
the substrate with low content of lignin and cellulose. Due to
very low lignin content in straw, pea and paddy straw took
shorter period for pinning. The yield and biological efficiency
varied among the substrates. The mushrooms which grow on
waste material are capable of degrading various substrate
components but all of them are not similar in their enzymatic
activities and therefore, they show preference for specific
substrate. Probably due to this reason, yield variation was
noticed among the substrates.The significant higher yield and
biological efficiency was observed on paddy straw substrate.
This was in conformity with who reported greater sporophore
productiononpaddystrawthanwheatstraw.
The authors are thankful to Dr. B.P. Kanaujia, C.S.A.
University of Agriculture and Technology, Kanpur for
providing the culture of and the principal
Statisticalanalysis:
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Pleurotus eous
Pleurotus eous
Pleurotus eous
419 Trends in Biosciences 6 (4), 2013

3. K.S.S.P.G. College, Ayodhya- Faizabad for laboratory and
libraryfacilities.
Bano, Z. 1971. Cultivation of . Second
Int.Symp.Pl.Pathol.,New Delhi.(AbstractNo. 135).
Chang, S.T. and. Miles P.G. 1989. Edible mushrooms and
theircultivation,CRCPress, BocaRaton,pp.256-274.
Das, N., Chakraborty, T.K. and. Mukharjee. M 2001.
Purificationandcharacterizationof a g r o w t h
regulating Laccase from .
(5):261-267.
Platt, M.W., Hadar Y. and Chet.I. 1984. Fungal activities in
lignocellulose degradation by . Appl.
Microbiol. . :150-154.
Teradimans, M.T., Marimuthu S., Juliot H. and
Siddeswaram K.. 2002. Correlation of cellulose and
laccase activities with coir pith decomposition by white
rotfungi. ., :21-24.
Upadhyay, R.C. and Fritche W. 1997. Ligninolytic enzymes
of Pleurotus species, Advances in Mushroom Biology
and Production (eds. Rai, R.D., Dhar, B.L. and R.N.
Verma)MSI, Solan
Receivedon 04-06-2013 Acceptedon15-06-2013
LITERATURE CITED
41
20
11
Pleurotus flabellatus
Pleurotus florida J. B.
Microbiol.,
Pleurotus
Biotechnology
Mushroom Res
SIDDHANT : Conversion of Crop Waste in to Pink Oyster Mushroom Pleurtus eouset. al. 420