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GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT COPY.pptx
- 1. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT MODERATOR-DR SHAILASREE PRESENTOR-DR ANAKHA RAJENDRAN
- 2. GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT ā¢ NET INCREASE IN SIZE OR MASS OF TISSUES-GROWTH ā¢ MULTIPLICATION OF CELLS AND INCREASE IN INTRACELLULAR SUBSTANCE ā¢ MATURATION OF FUNCTIONS- DEVELOPMENT ā¢ MATURATION AND MYELINATION OF NERVOUS SYSTEMS
- 3. STAGES OF GROWTH ā¢ PRE NATAL-CONCEPTION TO BIRTH ā¢ INFANCY-BIRTH TO 1 YEAR ā¢ CHILDHOOD-2 TO 12 YEARS ā¢ ADOLESCENCE- 13-19 YEARS ā¢ ADULTHOOD- >19
- 4. FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH ā¢ FETAL,MATERNAL,PLACENTAL ā¢ FETAL: HORMONES-THYROXINE INSULIN GLUCOCORTICOIDS GROWTH HORMONE ā¢ FETAL GROWTH FACTORS- GROWTH PROMOTING,INHIBITORY ā¢ PLACENTAL:PLACENTAL WEIGHT,STRUCTRAL FUNCTIONAL INTEGRITY,NUTRITION ā¢ MATERNAL-AGE,RECENT PREGNANCY,PARITY,ANEMIA,SUBSTANCE ABUSE,INFECTIONS,CHRONIC DISEASES
- 5. POST NATAL PERIOD ā¢ GENETIC FACTORS ā¢ IUGR->LBW->MALNUTRITION ā¢ HORMONE-GH,THYROXINE ; SEX HORMONES ā¢ NUTRITION ā¢ INFECTIONS-RTI AND DIARRHOEA ā¢ CHEMICAL AGENTS ā¢ TRAUMA
- 6. SOCIAL FACTORS ā¢ SES ā¢ POVERTY ā¢ NATURAL RESOURCES ā¢ CLIMATE ā¢ EMOTIONAL FACORS ā¢ CULTURAL ā¢ PARENTAL EDUCATION
- 7. LAWS OF GROWTH ā¢ GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF CHILDREN IS A CONTINOUS AND ORDERLY PROCESS ā¢ GROWTH PATTERN OF EVERY INDIVIDUAL IS UNIQUE ā¢ DIFFERENT TISSUES GROW AT DIFFERENT RATES
- 9. ASSESSMENT OF PHYSICAL GROWTH ā¢ WEIGHT ā¢ LENGTH/HEIGHT ā¢ HEAD CIRCUMFERENCE ā¢ CHEST CIRCUMFERENCE ā¢ MUAC
- 10. GROWTH CHARTS ā¢ GROWTH MEASUREMENTS RECORDEDIN ACHILD OVER A PERIOD OF TIMEAND PLOTTED ON A GRAPH ā¢ DEVIATION FROM NORMAL PATTERN CAN BE INTERPRETED ā¢ RANGES FROM 3RD TO 97TH PERCENTILE
- 13. DISORDERS OF GROWTH ā¢ SHORT STATURE- HEIGHT BELOW 3RD CENTILE FOR THAT AGE AND GENDER(<-2SD) ā¢ <-3 SD PATHOLOGICAL SHORT STATURE ā¢ CAUSES: PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PATHOLOGICAL ā¢ Undernutrition,chronic illness,endocrine causes,sga,genetic syndromes
- 14. PHYSIOLOGICAL SHORT STATURE FAMILIAL VS CONSTITUTIONAL ā¢ SHORT SHORT ā¢ HEIGHT VELOCITY NORMAL NORMAL ā¢ FAMILY H/O SHORT STATURE DELAYED PUBERTY ā¢ BONE AGE ā N LESS THAN CHRONOLO ā¢ PUBERTY ā N DELAYED ā¢ FINAL HEIGHT - LOW NORMAL
- 15. MANAGEMENT ā¢ PARENTAL COUNSELLING AND REASSURANCE ā¢ DIETARY ADVICE ā¢ TREATMENT OF UNDERLYING DISEASES
- 16. FAILURE TO THRIVE ā¢ WEIGHT BELOW 3RD OR 5th centile ā¢ Failure to gain weight over a period of time ā¢ Change in rate of growth that has crossed two major centiles ā¢ CAUSES:Organic-GERD,malabsorption,IBD,pyloric stenosis ā¢ :MR,CP ā¢ ;CKD,RTA ā¢ :HYPOTHYROIDISM,DM ā¢ :TB,HIV,PARASITIC INFECTIONS ā¢ :CHROMOSOMAL ANOMALY,Metabolic diseases ā¢ :Lead poisoning,malignancy
- 17. Management ā¢ History,physical examination ā¢ CBC ,ESR,URE,STOOL RE,RFT,LFT,ELECTROLYTES ā¢ Weight gain in response to adequate calorie feeding ā¢ Nutritonal rehabilitation,treatment of diseases ā¢ Admission if;SAM,organic causes which require lab investigations,lack of catch up growth during OP care,suspected child abuse or neglect
- 18. THANK YOU