IWRM hydrology

2. INTEGRATED WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT
(IWRM)
•According to the technical committee of the global water
partnership (GWP) IWRM is "a process which promotes the
coordinated development and management of water, land and
related resources, in order to maximize the resultant economic
and social welfare in an equitable manner without compromising
the sustainability of vital ecosystems.”
•A systemic and sustainable approach to water resources
management.

3. 3 OBJECTIVES OF IWRM
• means access for all users (marginal and poor groups) to sustain
human well being.
SOCIAL EQUITY
• to make limited water resources go as far as possible. The economic
value is not only about price it should consider current and future
social and environmental costs and benefits.
ECONOMIC EFFICIENCY
• to protect the water resources base and associated eco-system.
ECOLOGICAL SUSTAINABILITY

4. Three Pillars Of IWRM
1. Moving towards enabling environment of appropriate
policies, strategies and legislation.
2. Putting in place the institutional framework (through
which policies can be implemented).
3. Setting up the management instrument required by
these institutions to do these jobs.

5. IWRM Principle
• Freshwater is a finite and vulnerable resource, essential to sustain life,
development and the environment.
•Water development and management should be based on a participatory
approach, involving users, planners and policy-makers at all levels.
•Women play a central part in the provision, management and
safeguarding of water.
•Water has an economic value in all its competing uses and should be
recognized as an economic good.

6. Study Area – The Island Country TUVALU
•Tuvalu is an atoll country consisting of nine atolls, with a total land
area of 26 km2 .
•It has a total population of 11,000 with 4,500 located on the capital
atoll of Funafuti.
•Approximately 60% of the total annual rainfall occurs during the
period November to April.
•Temperatures are uniformly high throughout the year and there is
limited daily and seasonal variation.
•Due to the lack of freshwater and the vulnerability of the groundwater
reserves water harvesting is needed in Tuvalu.

7. Major Water Problems in TUVALU
• Dependency on Rain Water
• Lack of Storage Capacity and Vulnerability to Droughts
• Huge Consumption of Primary Water (Toilet Flush)
• Absence of Water Management Related Policies
• Groundwater and Marine Water Pollution
• Salinity of Ground Water
• Global Warming and Sea Level Rise
• Lack of Expertise to Test Quality and Clean Water
• Climate Change

8. Implementation of IWRM Project in Tuvalu
• Tuvalu’s IWRM Project entitled “Integrated Sustainable Wastewater Management
for Tuvalu”.
• Objectives of IWRM for Tuvalu:-
i. To ensure that the IWRM Plan is endorsed and legalized by govt. and implemented
ii. For the people of Tuvalu to have secure access to potable water
iii. For the safe disposal of wastewater
• Key Project results include, successful design and replication of sanitation solutions;
successful engagement of Tuvaluan communities and government; development of a
National IWRM Policy and Indicator Framework; reduction in sewage pollution
across Funafuti and a reduction in freshwater use for sanitation uses.
• 40 waterless compost toilet were installed on Funafuti. Usually water flushed toilets
were used on Tuvalu which leads to water scarcity and a polluted environment.

9. Implementation and Participation
• The IWRM Tuvalu project has focused on community engagement and has included
unique activities.
• Activities include; Road shows, Festivals, hosting World Water Day week long
activities, use of media and radio, quarterly newsletters, inter-department meetings,
committees, competitions, in school workshops, community leader workshops,
meetings with women and youth groups and workshops held with each island
community individually.
• No Tuvaluan word for composting toilet and, a communication committee was
formed to develop a new word for composting toilets. Falevatie, the new Tuvaluan
word for compost toilets. It translates as “a toilet which does not use water, is good
for the environment and for you”. Word clearly distinguishes between drop pit
toilets and Compost Toilets (Falevatie). Many activities have been used to promote
this new term.

10. RESULTS
• IWRM has facilitated a national-level change in attitudes to sanitation and water
management, development of a national water and sanitation policy framework, increased
water security and improved sanitation in Tuvalu.
• Initially, the project struggled to find families to trial the first ten compost toilets. A
communication and engagement campaign involving innovative strategies including a toilet
roadshow, a competition to name the Tuvaluan designed toilet (the ‘Falevatie’).
• Benefits of installation of the 40 compost toilets:
 Removed the sewage pollution (8% reduction in sewage pollution) into groundwater and subsequently into
coastal waters (5% reduction in groundwater pollution).
 Reducing water use by over 30% in these houses (5% of Funafuti’s population).
 Increased access to improved sanitation for about 280 people (5% of Funafuti’s population)
• The work in Tuvalu has also generated a lot of interest around the Pacific. Tonga has built
demonstration toilets, Nauru has installed them in schools and the Marshall Islands are
planning construction soon.