1. Name
Saqlain Sabir
Department
Department of Sociology
Session
2017 - 2021
Class
BS-Sociology
Topics
Definition of Criminology, Offence and
Types of offence
Submitted to.
Sir Siraj Hussain Raza
BAHAUDDIN ZAKRIYA UNIVERSITY SUB CAMPUS
LODHRAN
2. Criminology is social phenomena. It is body of
knowledge which see the making of law, breaking of law
and reaction toward the breaking of law.
It makes a general and verified principles which see the
crime and treatment of crime.
3. In our society it is legal system that defines which
acts are criminal and which are not criminal.
A crime can’t be committed unless the act violates the
law.
In order to define crime we rely on existing social and
cultural norms which are accepted in society.
There is no simple and fixed definition of crime.
It is not simple matter. Crime is defined by societies,
culture and time we live in.
So it vary from culture to culture , society to society
and time to time.
For example drinking is crime in Muslim societies and
in non Muslim societies it is not crime.
4. Offence is a act which violates civil and criminal law.
What is civil and criminal law ?
Civil law
Civil law is an law which is against the personal entities
and individuals to individuals violations.
For example breaking of promise and teasing of other
person.
Criminal law
It is a law which is against the state or against the public
interest.
For example blocking of road.
5. Cognizable offence
Non Cognizable offence
Cognizable offence
Cognizable offences are those offences which are serious in
nature.
For example murder , rape, kidnapping and theft.
Under cognizable offence, the Police officer has to receive the
first investigation report related to cognizable offence.
If cognizable offence has been committed, a police officer can
investigate without the Magistrate’s permission
6. Non Cognizable offence
A non cognizable offence has been defined in criminal
procedure Code as fallows, Non-cognizable offence in
which , a police officer has no authority to arrest without
warrant.
Non-cognizable offences are those which are not serious
in nature. For example Assault, cheating and defamation.
Under cognizable offence, in order to start the
investigation, it is important for police officer to obtain
the permission from the Magistrate .
