1. Si m ple Machine !

2. Levers
Pulley System
Inclined Plane
Wheel & Axle
Gears

3. Levers !

4. First Class Lever

5. Fulcrum = Pivoting Point Effort
Fulcrum
Load

6. Effort 30g
Load 100g

7. Effort
Load

8. First Class Lever
(Examples)
Scissors
Pliers
See-saw
Crowbar

9. Second Class Lever !!

10. Effort
30g
Load
100g
Fulcrum

11. Effort
30g
Load
100g
Fulcrum

12. Second Class Lever
(Examples)
Wheelbarrow
Nutcracker
Bottle cap opener

13. Third Class Lever !!

14. Fulcrum
Effort
Load

15. Fulcrum
Effort
300g
Load
100g

16. Greater Effort!
Faster Speed!
Fulcrum
Effort
300g
Load
100g

17. Third Class Lever
(Example)
Broom
Fishing rod
Ice tong

18. Pulley !

19. Fixed Pulley System !

20. Effort and
load move
in opposite
direction.
Load
Effort

21. Effort
needed
equals
the Load
if no
friction.
Effort needed
greater than
Load, to
Load overcome
100g friction.
Effort
100g ?
120g ?

22. Effort and
load travel
equal
distance.
5 cm
5 cm
Load
Effort

23. Advantage;
Changes
the
direction of
an applied
Load force.
Effort

24. Movable Pulley System !

25. Effort
Effort
and load
move in
same
Load direction.

26. Effort
Effort
travels
twice the
distance
Load compared
to the load.

27. Effort
60g
Effort
needed is
less than
the load.
Load
100g

28. Effort
Allows a
smaller
effort to
overcome a
greater load.
Load

29. Pulley System !!

30. Effort
and load
move in
opposite
direction.
Effort
Load

31. Effort
travels
greater
distance
compared
to the load.
Effort
Load

32. Effort
needed is
less than
the load.
Effort
50g
Load
100g

33. Pulley System
Advantage 1
Allows a smaller
force to overcome
a greater load.
Advantage 2
Effort Changes the
50g direction of an
Load
100g applied force.

34. Inclined Plane !!

35. Effort = 70g Effort = 60g
Load needs Load needs
to travel to travel even
Effort = 100g longer longer
distance. distance.
Load = 100g

36. Examples of Inclined Plane
staircase
sharp point of needle
sharp point of iron nail
sharp end of an axe/knife

37. Wheel & Axle !!

38. Wheel & Axle
Wheel
Axle
Load
Effort

39. Effort & load moves in opposite
direction.
Axle
Wheel
Load Effort

40. A smaller effort is needed to lift the load.
Axle
Wheel
Load Effort

41. Effort travels a greater distance than the load.
Axle
Wheel
Load Effort

42. Examples of Wheel & Axle
door handle/ knob
screw driver
bicycle handle-bar
steering wheel

43. Gears !!!

44. Gear is
a
wheel
with
teeth

45. Gear can
rotate
clockwise.

46. Gear can
rotate
anti-
clockwise.

47. Inter-locking gears.
Changes the direction of an inter-
locking gear.

48. 16 teeth Inter-locking gears.
8 teeth
Changes the speed of a smaller
inter-locking gear with fewer teeth.

49. Two gears joined by a chain.
A B
Gear A & B move in SAME direction.
Gear B moves at faster speed than Gear A