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Settlement Higher

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SETTLEMENT (a) Study the following list about a large urban area in an MEDC. Large development store Farm Town hall Reservoir (i) Tick the two that are most likely to be found in a central business district (CBD). (2 marks) (ii) For a CBD you have studied, explain the land uses found there. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks)
(b) Study Figure 4, a model of a large urban area in an MEDC.
(i) Describe the problems caused by urban sprawl. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks) (c) Study Figure 5, a sketch map of part of a shanty town.
(i) With reference to areas or cities you have studied, describe the problems of shanty town and the attempts to solve them. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (6 marks) (c) Study Figure 6, a sketch map of the site of Lincoln.
Explain how the site of Lincoln may have helped its development. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (6 marks) (a) Study Figure 3, showing types of settlement in a hierarchy.
(i) Describe what Figure 3 shows about the numbers and sizes of settlements in a hierarchy. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (2 marks) (ii) Describe the differences, other than size and number, between villages and cities. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (b) Using one or more examples of cities in MEDCs, describe the changes taking place in the CBD (Central Business District). ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................
........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks) (c) Study Figure 4, which shows a world map of large cities with populations over 5 million. (i) What is meant by urbanisation? ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark) (ii) Using Figure 4, how many cities are in the MEDCs? ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark)
(iii) Using Figure 4, which continent has the greatest number of cities with populations over 5 million? ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark) (iv) Explain the distribution of the cities shown in Figure 4. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (d) Using one or more examples, explain how city planners in LEDCs are trying to solve the problems of rapid growth. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks)
(a) Study Figure 4, which shows a number of settlement sites. (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘site of a settlement’? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark) A number of settlement sites are marked on Figure 4. On figure 4 label the following: A gap town site; A bridging point. (2 marks)
(ii) Why are some of the settlements shown in figure 4 more likely than the others to develop into trading centres? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks) (b) Study figure 5, which shows a street map of part of the city of Gloucester. (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘urban zone’? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks)
(ii) Figure 5 is part of which urban zone? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark) (ii) Give two reasons for your answer to (b) (ii). 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks) (iii) Describe the main features of the outer suburbs of a settlement. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks) (c) Study Figure 6, a scatter graph showing the link between the population and the number of shops in some villages near Gloucester.
(i) On figure 6, draw the line of best-fit. (ii) What is the relationship shown in Figure 6? (iii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks) (d) Describe how governments of MEDCs try to cope with urban sprawl. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (6 marks) (a) (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘urban growth’? ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................ .. (1 mark) (b) Study Figure 4, on the next page, which shows why the city of Kolkata (Calcutta) has grown as the result of migration and other factors.
(i) Using Figure 4, give two physical and two human factors that caused a growth in Kolkata’s population. Physical factors 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ..
Human factors 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. (4 marks) (ii) Describe the effects of rapid growth on LEDC cities, such as Kolkata. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (iii) Planners in LEDCs have tried many schemes to cope with the rapid growth of cities. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of one or more of these schemes. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks)
(c) Compare an urban model of an MEDC city with one of a city in an LEDC. You may include a diagram(s) in your answer. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks) (a) Study Figure 3, on the insert, maps of five British towns. (i) Choose two of the following towns. Henley-on-Thames Shrewsbury Carmarthen Leicester Circle the two you have chosen. Explain different advantages of the original site of each of your chosen towns. 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ .. (4 marks)
(ii) Suggest why Dorking has grown into a trading centre. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (b) Study Figure 4, which shows the population change of an inner city area in an MEDC between 1901 and 2001. Suggest reasons for the population changes shown on Figure 4. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks)
(c) Bangkok is the capital of Thailand, an LEDC in South East Asia. Study Figure 5, a sketch map of Bangkok. Figure 5 (i) Suggest reasons for the distribution of the shanty towns in Bangkok. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks)
(ii) With the help of one or more examples, explain how the lives of people living in some shanty towns have been improved. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (9 marks) (a) Study Figure 3, which shows the locations of newsagents and shoe shops in a city.
(a) Compare the distribution of newsagents and shoe shops in this city. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (b) (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘settlement hierarchy’? ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark) (b) (ii) Give two ways that the number and types of services in a settlement can help to place it in an urban hierarchy. 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. (2 marks) (c) Explain how a settlement may change its function over time. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks)
(d) The Central Business Districts (CBDs) of some cities in MEDCs are facing problems. (i) Describe the problems affecting the CBDs of some cities in MEDCs. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (d) (ii) Using a named urban area, describe what has been done to improve the CBD. Name of urban area .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ...... (4 marks) (d) Study Figure 4, on the insert, photographs of a shanty town in an LEDC.
Using Figure 4 and your own knowledge, explain why the conditions shown in the photograph are found in shanty towns. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks)

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Settlement Higher

  • 1. SETTLEMENT (a) Study the following list about a large urban area in an MEDC. Large development store Farm Town hall Reservoir (i) Tick the two that are most likely to be found in a central business district (CBD). (2 marks) (ii) For a CBD you have studied, explain the land uses found there. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks)
  • 2. (b) Study Figure 4, a model of a large urban area in an MEDC.
  • 3. (i) Describe the problems caused by urban sprawl. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks) (c) Study Figure 5, a sketch map of part of a shanty town.
  • 4. (i) With reference to areas or cities you have studied, describe the problems of shanty town and the attempts to solve them. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (6 marks) (c) Study Figure 6, a sketch map of the site of Lincoln.
  • 5. Explain how the site of Lincoln may have helped its development. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (6 marks) (a) Study Figure 3, showing types of settlement in a hierarchy.
  • 6. (i) Describe what Figure 3 shows about the numbers and sizes of settlements in a hierarchy. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (2 marks) (ii) Describe the differences, other than size and number, between villages and cities. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (b) Using one or more examples of cities in MEDCs, describe the changes taking place in the CBD (Central Business District). ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................
  • 7. ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks) (c) Study Figure 4, which shows a world map of large cities with populations over 5 million. (i) What is meant by urbanisation? ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark) (ii) Using Figure 4, how many cities are in the MEDCs? ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark)
  • 8. (iii) Using Figure 4, which continent has the greatest number of cities with populations over 5 million? ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark) (iv) Explain the distribution of the cities shown in Figure 4. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (d) Using one or more examples, explain how city planners in LEDCs are trying to solve the problems of rapid growth. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ....................................................................................................................... ....................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks)
  • 9. (a) Study Figure 4, which shows a number of settlement sites. (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘site of a settlement’? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark) A number of settlement sites are marked on Figure 4. On figure 4 label the following: A gap town site; A bridging point. (2 marks)
  • 10. (ii) Why are some of the settlements shown in figure 4 more likely than the others to develop into trading centres? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks) (b) Study figure 5, which shows a street map of part of the city of Gloucester. (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘urban zone’? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks)
  • 11. (ii) Figure 5 is part of which urban zone? ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (1 mark) (ii) Give two reasons for your answer to (b) (ii). 1…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks) (iii) Describe the main features of the outer suburbs of a settlement. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (4 marks) (c) Study Figure 6, a scatter graph showing the link between the population and the number of shops in some villages near Gloucester.
  • 12. (i) On figure 6, draw the line of best-fit. (ii) What is the relationship shown in Figure 6? (iii) ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (2 marks) (d) Describe how governments of MEDCs try to cope with urban sprawl. ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… (6 marks) (a) (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘urban growth’? ................................................................................................................................................................................ ................................................................................................................................................................................ .. (1 mark) (b) Study Figure 4, on the next page, which shows why the city of Kolkata (Calcutta) has grown as the result of migration and other factors.
  • 13. (i) Using Figure 4, give two physical and two human factors that caused a growth in Kolkata’s population. Physical factors 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ..
  • 14. Human factors 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. (4 marks) (ii) Describe the effects of rapid growth on LEDC cities, such as Kolkata. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (iii) Planners in LEDCs have tried many schemes to cope with the rapid growth of cities. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of one or more of these schemes. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks)
  • 15. (c) Compare an urban model of an MEDC city with one of a city in an LEDC. You may include a diagram(s) in your answer. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks) (a) Study Figure 3, on the insert, maps of five British towns. (i) Choose two of the following towns. Henley-on-Thames Shrewsbury Carmarthen Leicester Circle the two you have chosen. Explain different advantages of the original site of each of your chosen towns. 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ .. (4 marks)
  • 16. (ii) Suggest why Dorking has grown into a trading centre. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (b) Study Figure 4, which shows the population change of an inner city area in an MEDC between 1901 and 2001. Suggest reasons for the population changes shown on Figure 4. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks)
  • 17. (c) Bangkok is the capital of Thailand, an LEDC in South East Asia. Study Figure 5, a sketch map of Bangkok. Figure 5 (i) Suggest reasons for the distribution of the shanty towns in Bangkok. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks)
  • 18. (ii) With the help of one or more examples, explain how the lives of people living in some shanty towns have been improved. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (9 marks) (a) Study Figure 3, which shows the locations of newsagents and shoe shops in a city.
  • 19. (a) Compare the distribution of newsagents and shoe shops in this city. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (b) (i) What is the meaning of the term ‘settlement hierarchy’? ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (1 mark) (b) (ii) Give two ways that the number and types of services in a settlement can help to place it in an urban hierarchy. 1 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. 2 ...................................................................................................................... ........................................................................................................................ .. (2 marks) (c) Explain how a settlement may change its function over time. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks)
  • 20. (d) The Central Business Districts (CBDs) of some cities in MEDCs are facing problems. (i) Describe the problems affecting the CBDs of some cities in MEDCs. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (4 marks) (d) (ii) Using a named urban area, describe what has been done to improve the CBD. Name of urban area .................................................................................................................. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ...... (4 marks) (d) Study Figure 4, on the insert, photographs of a shanty town in an LEDC.
  • 21. Using Figure 4 and your own knowledge, explain why the conditions shown in the photograph are found in shanty towns. ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ ........................................................................................................................ (6 marks)