Vortrag Dr. Jürgen Hoffman Leibnitz – Institut für Gewässerökologie und Binnenfischerei , Berlin
Aktive Mitwirkung in dem Projekt Integriertes Wasserressourcenmanagement in Zentralasien , Modelregion Mongolei (MoMo)
Processing & Properties of Floor and Wall Tiles.pptx
Aktive Mitwirkung in dem Projekt Integriertes Wasserressourcenmanagement in Zentralasienь Dr. Jürgen Hoffman
1. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Facing the water, nutrient cycling andFacing the water, nutrient cycling and
food security challenge in Kharaa Riverfood security challenge in Kharaa River
Basin MongoliaBasin Mongolia
PD Dr.PD Dr. JJüürgenrgen HofmannHofmann
IGB (Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and InlandIGB (Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland
Fisheries) BerlinFisheries) Berlin
IWRM Summer SchoolIWRM Summer School
18.09.201418.09.2014
EE--mailmail:: j.hofmann@igbj.hofmann@igb--berlin.deberlin.de
2. German IWRM Research Programme and our Role
IWRMIWRM ShandongShandong
• How can a science-
based Integrated Water
Resources Management
in Mongolia as a pilot
region for Central Asia
be developed ?
• How can regional water
planning and manage-
ment react on Global
Change in a coherent
way?
• What are effective
regional adaptation
strategies and how can
these be implemented?
IWRM congress 2013
3. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Selenge river basin (459,000 km2)
as International River Basin
Ulan Ude
Ulaanbaatar
Khaara
River basin
14,500 km2
Lake Baikal
7. Spatial variability of simulated discharge,
importance of Kharaa headwaters
Kharaa I
Bayan Gol
Bayan Gol I
Boroo
Gol
Tunkhelin
Gol
Kharaa II
Sugnugr Gol
Mandalin Gol
Zagdalin Gol
Kharaa III
0.83
0.97
0.69
0.58
0.88
0.90
1.02
1.34
2.18
2.45
specific runoff
[l s-1 km-2]
Identification of “water towers”
Specific discharges are highest in the
headwaters of the Kharaa, in the Khentii
mountains (Menzel et al., 2011)
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
1961-19901971-20002001-20302011-20402021-20502031-20602041-20702051-20802061-20902071-2100
WaterAvailability[mm]
B1 CNCM3
B1 ECHAM5
B1 IPSL
WFD_Monthly
A2
CNCM3
A2
ECHAM5
A2
IPSL
Water availability change
8. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
AssessmentAssessment ofof recentrecent waterwater flowsflows
Page
Source: Falkenmerk, M. & Rockström, J. (2004).
Balancing Water for Humans and Nature: The New Approach in Ecohydrology. Earthscan, 247.
~ 330 mm
( 4800 mio/m³)
~ 8 %
15. SANITATION
model region – City of Darkhan– wastewater treatment plant (wwtp)
Algae in april !
effluent WWTP
measure: implementation of a feasible wastewater treatment
20. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Nitrogen Imbalances (kg ha-1yr-1)
-100
-50
0
50
100
150
200
250
kgha
-1
yr
-1
Western
Kenya
Mongolia
(Kharaa)
Midwest
U.S.A.
EU 27 Germany Netherlands North China
Agronomic NITROGEN inputs minus harvest removals
N
Vitousek et al. 2009: Nutrient Imblances in agricultural
development. - Science Vol 324: 1519
*) *)
*)
*)
Surplus
Deficit
21. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
How to adjust the nutrient balance ?How to adjust the nutrient balance ?
ININ ININ OUTOUT
OUTOUT
NN--DeficitDeficit (Kharaa)(Kharaa) NN-- SurplusSurplus EUEU
NN--
EquilibriumEquilibrium ININ OUTOUT
22. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Scope and Background
Nutrient supply security
Food supply security
Water supply security
Kharaa 2021 = Planning horizon of Aimags
23. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Sown area, total grain yields and area weighted yields [dt ha-1] of
national wheat production in Mongolia from 1990 to 2012
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
20012002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
Sownarea(1000ha)/TotalYield[kt]
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
WeightedYield[dtha]
Total Yield [Kilotonnes] Sown Area (1000 ha ) Yield [dt ha]
24. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Total demanded Nutrients 2013
(N, P, K) [t]
TOTAL 11700 t yrTOTAL 11700 t yr--11
DemandedDemanded nutrientsnutrients
forfor SEEDS 3260 t yrSEEDS 3260 t yr--11
FallowFallow 8440 t yr8440 t yr--11
RERE--USE 476 t yrUSE 476 t yr--11
25. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
HowHow muchmuch NN isis excretedexcreted byby inhabitantsinhabitants ??
InhabitantsInhabitants ofof
KharaaKharaa riverriver basinbasin
withoutwithout DarkhanDarkhan
InhabitantsInhabitants ofof
DarkhanDarkhan withwith
connectionconnection to WWTPto WWTP
InhabitantsInhabitants ofof DarkhanDarkhan withoutwithout
connectionconnection to WWTPto WWTP
TOTAL 476 t N yrTOTAL 476 t N yr--11
30. Biofilter
NH4/NH3, Phosphor
CO2
Wasserdampf
Wasser
Speisefische
Tomaten
Biogasanlage
Schlamm, Abfälle
Strom, Wärme
Photovoltaikanlage
Sonne
Fischfutter
Kühlfalle
Frischwasser (< 3 %/d)
„„GrGrüünene““ ÖÖkoko--TilapieTilapie!!
RecondensationRecondensation ofof
transpirationtranspiration waterwater (Patent)!(Patent)!
Water consumption
only ca. 3% instead of
25% of total volume
per day !
AQUAPONICS
Consumption of N, P and
CO2 by plants!
31. Results of Aquaponics
Daily water demand:
3,32 % of pilot plant volume (Fish circle
+ Hydroponics) 220 L Water for production
of 1 kg Fish and 1,6 kg Tomatoes
Total production (9 Months):
600 kg fish and 1000 kg Tomatoes
Patent PCT/EP2008/064546
Kloas W, Rennert B, van Ballegooy C, Drews M. (2008): Aquaponikanlage zur Gemüse- und Fischproduktion.
32. Water consumption
[ Water L/kg Meat ]
200 –
1000 L
3900 L
4800 L
15500 L
KLA vs ASTAFASTAF--PRO:PRO: + 1,6 kg
Tomaten
33. Emissions of greenhouse gas
[ Emission of CO2 in kg/kg Meat ]
(Dänisches Ministerium für Ernährung,
Landwirtschaft und Fischerei)
1,8
3,1
3,6
19,4
Carbon Footprint: CO2-
Äquivalente von der Produktion
bis hin zum Supermarkt!
KLA vs ASTAFASTAF--PRO:PRO: ~ 0,2
+ 1,6 kg
Tomaten
34. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Descriptor: Distance to Target
Target: to keep ressource uses to ecologically sustainable and
economically reasonable levels
endangered
critical
good
Achievement of
target is
good
critical
endangered
Distance
to target
35. Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater
Ecology
and Inland Fisheries
Nexus Challenges
WATER
Target: to keep ressource uses to ecologically sustainable and
economically reasonable levels
Quality
Quantity
Water Prices
Consumption
265 L/cap/d 10 L/cap/d
FOOD SECURITY
Crop yields
Wheat &
potatoes
Crop yields vegetable
Soil fertility
SANITATION
Conventional sanitation (urban)
Sanitation peri-
urban
Nutrient cycling
ECONOMY
Marketing
Petrol & Finance
defiency
Crop insurance
Seed quality
Cropland possession