1. River Valley-Nile 3200-600 b.c. Memphis, Thebes Priests, govt officials, scribes, soldiers, pottery workers, stone workers, farmers Ruling class of Priests, nobles, education system Hieroglyphic Writing Papyrus, mathematics, astronomy, pyramids, mummies, medicine 2500-1500 b.c. Mohenjo-Daro, Harappa Govt officials, priests, pottery workers, brick workers, farmers Strong central govt. Pictographic writing Irrigation, plumbing, seals RV-Huang He, Yangtze Priests, govt workers, soldiers, craft workers in bronze, silk famers River Valley-Indus and Ganges 2000-400 b.c. Anyang, Luoyang, Yangzhou Pictographic writing Writing, making bronze and silk, irrigation systems Walled cities, oracle bones reading Wheel, plow, sails, bronze weapons Technology Cuneiform writing Record Keeping Ruling class of priests and nobles; ziggurat Complex Institutions Priests, scribes, govt officials, soldiers, pottery, textile workers, farmers Specialized Workers Uruk, Lagash,Umma Cities 3500-2000 b.c. Period River Valley T/E Location China Indus Valley Egypt Mesopotamia Feature Ancient Civilizations