The document discusses methodological and evidential pluralism in causal modeling and argues that despite pluralism in methods and evidence, there is a single underlying rationale of variation. Specifically: 1) While causal modeling uses various methods and evidence, it is guided by a single rationale when reasoning about cause-effect relationships - the rationale of variation. 2) Variation underlies model building and testing and serves as a precondition to notions like regularity and invariance. 3) Regularity and invariance play constrained roles by ruling out accidental variations and granting causal interpretation, but the core rationale is variation.

1. The rationale of variation in methodological and evidential pluralism Federica Russo Philosophy, Kent

9. Do methodological and evidential pluralism entail epistemological pluralism?

10. Causal modelling is regimented by a single rationale in model building and testing: the rationale of variation

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