This document appears to be a report submitted by three students - How Lee Jing, Yee Algel, and Tee Hing Nian - for their social psychology assignment. It discusses a video they created about a typical woman driver. The report includes an introduction describing the assignment and topic, methods outlining how they planned and filmed the video, and a discussion applying social psychology concepts like stereotyping, sexism, cognitive dissonance, persuasion, and heuristics to their video topic. It concludes with appendix materials and references.

1. How Lee Jing, Yee Algel, Tee Hing Nian Page 1
SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILD ENVIRONMENT
2013 JULY INTAKE
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY [PSYC0103]
GROUP AND SESSION: MONDAY (12PM-4PM)
ASSIGNMENT 3: VIDEO CLIP REPORT
TITLE: THE TYPICAL WOMEN DRIVERS
SUBMISSION DATE: 2th
JUNE 2014
WORDS COUNT: 1805 Words
LECTURER: T. SHANKAR
GROUP MEMBERS:
Name Student ID
How Lee Jing 0315669
Yee Algel 0315890
Tee Hing Nian 0316316

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Table of content
Content Page
Cover Page 1
Table of content 2
Acknowledgement 3
Introduction 4
Methods & procedure 5-6
Discussion 7-10
Appendix 11-13
Reference 14

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Acknowledgement
We owe a great thanks to many people and friends who helped and supported us
during our social psychology assignment three.
First of all, we would like to express the deepest appreciation to our lecturer Mr
Shankar Thiruchelvam, who has the patience to teach us and correct the many things with
attention and care in our assignment three. Without his guidance and persistent help this
assignment would not have been possible.
We would also like to express many thanks to Taylor’s university by providing places
and facilities that helped us to further our education. Therefore, we also like to thank to our
parents for providing us transport and resources such as money for our assignment.
We also feel a deep sense of gratitude to each of our team member Julie How, Yee
Algel and Tee Hing Nian who gave full attention and corporation when doing our assignment
three.
Finally, we would like to thank Chin Tze Wei, Egbert Chin and Shaun. Without their
help, this project would have been just a distant reality. We also would like to extend our
thanks and appreciation to everyone who involve in this assignment again.

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Introduction
What is that shapes of our attitude? Why are some peoples such a good leader?
How does prejudice approach and how can we solve it? Social psychology is the exploration
of the interaction of an individual person and given situation/environment. There are three
main areas in social psychology which is social perception, social influence and social
interaction. To understand more about these three main areas, on the 10th of February, we
were grouped in groups of three, who were Julie, Yee Algel and Tee Hing Nian, to complete
the task for our third assignment. This assignment required group members to work out as a
team and conduct research of the various conceptual topics that had been covered by our
lecture. A social psychology conceptual video clip was then required to be made to show
that we understood what we learnt. After a handful of discussions, we decide to film a
typical female driver as our storyline for this film.
According to research, from a number of 6.5 million cars accident, women driver are
more likely to have higher percent to encounter an accident. They also discovered that
women drivers found it harder to negotiate crossroads, T-Junctions and slip roads. Due to
this, surveys had been done by insurer Metlife, the results shows that 51% of women
believed that their driving is safe. Thus, insurer Metlife also made observations on how
women drivers persuade people to believe on their driving skills. Back to our assignment
three, we decided to choose this topic because it contains a lot of social psychology
concepts such as stereotyping, self- fulfilling, prophecy, Leon Festinger’s Theory of Cognitive
Dissonance and persuasive. Finally, we also reviewed the behavior of women and their main
problem during driving.

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Methods
Equipment
1) Suzuki swift Car
2) Canon 550D Camera
3) Tripod stand
Procedures
Step 1: Discussion about the social psychology conceptual video clip.
On the 2nd of May 2014, we gathered at the architecture studio 2 to discuss about
our assignment three. We have discussed about how the way we want to take our video. At
first, we wanted to take film of the response of people when we litter the rubbish in public
places and also film the scene to observe what the reactions have shown by the people
when we stole others belongings. These two ideas are very interesting and they contained a
lot of psychology concepts such as prosocial behavior but it is hard to do it since we are not
that professional. After that, we decided to make video clip based on a story line but with
only three members in our group it is also quite hard for us to hold many characters in a
video clip. Finally, we came out of an idea to film typical women driver for our video
because this video does not require many characters and it also have plenty of psychology
conceptual such as stereotyping, sexism, Leon Festinger: Theory of Cognitive Dissonance,
heuristic and persuasion.

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Step 2: Creating script and Filming
On the 13th of May, we gathered in front of the administration office around 11a.m
and we started to create a script. In general, the scene will start when we are doing our
assignment and out of nowhere, Algel’s friend who is known as Shaun wants to have lunch
with him and we decided to follow him. Algel and Hing Nian refuses to drive, and after being
persuaded by Julie, they got into Julie’s car. While driving to McDonalds, Algel and Hing Nian
noticed that there are a lot of mistakes and dangerous driving happening when Julie was
driving but at last we have successfully reached Mc Donald without any accident.
Step 3: editing the video
We used up two days to finish filming and the total of 30 video clips had been taken
during filming. Our group members Algel handled the editing part which needed for two
days to finish it. Finally, the duration of our psychology video is 3 minutes 33 sec.

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Discussion:
Stereotyping
A stereotype is a fixed general set of characteristics or image that numerous people
believe represent a particular type of person or thing.
Women were stereotyped as bad drivers during the period of transition where
women began gaining equal rights. During that period, men were primarily the majority
gender that drove. Then women began driving more and more, and them being
inexperienced at first, allowing them to come under much scrutiny. With the men of that
era, women were essentially viewed as the inferior gender in general, the stereotype
evolving to include driving skills as well.
Women are seen as more dangerous and less confident in the field of driving. There
are lots of jokes about women making silly mistakes or being unable to park when behind
the wheel, but these are not always true to life and men certainly make their fair share of
errors as well.
Notably, women are also often accused of getting lost more often, as women have
been known to make embarrassing errors on the road, their sense of direction not as acute
then those of a man.
The main problem with the stereotype that all women are bad drivers is that it can
be believed by thousands of women themselves. If they take on board the criticisms,
whether they have difficulty driving or not, women can begin to act according to the
stereotype, despite being perfectly capable behind the wheel.

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Sexism
Sexism is the belief that the members of one sex, usually women, are less intelligent
or less capable than those of the other sex and need not be treated equally. It is also the
behavior which is the result of this belief.
The fact that the vast majority professional racers are male is an example in itself
about the selective nature of the sport, as people/companies tend to drift towards hiring
male racers then women. Speaking of accidents, men may get into serious/fatal accidents
more but this is only because overall men do far more driving than women. Women actually
involved in minor crashes a lot more than men.
Generally, men have more driving experience compare to women. So men can make
good use of the performance of the car to save time.
Men are better at special things like driving and judging distances because of the
way their brains function, as they tend to think to the more technical side of things, so in
essence they should and are the better drivers. However, their testosterone makes them
take risks which can lead to reckless driving and car crashes. So men are better at the
mechanics of driving, but woman are more careful

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Cognitive Dissonance
People tend to seek consistency in their perceptions and beliefs. So what happens
when one of our beliefs conflicts with another previously held belief? The term cognitive
dissonance is used to describe the feeling of discomfort that results from holding two
conflicting beliefs. When there is a discrepancy between beliefs and behaviors, something
must change in order to eliminate or reduce the dissonance.
When an attitude is not in keeping with a behavior then there is a dissonant
relationship.
The conflict:
 We have to drive to McDonalds to have lunch with friends.
 Men don’t believe in a women’s driving skill.
In order to reduce this dissonance between belief and behavior, they have a few
difference choices. They can call a taxi or drive themselves instead of asking a woman to
fetch them. However, they still board on the woman’s car, due to their laziness and they
have no choice.
Most people want to hold the belief that they make good choices. When the decision
that they have made turns out badly, it conflicts with our previously existing belief about
our decision-making abilities.
Cognitive dissonance can often have a powerful influence on our behaviors and actions.

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Persuasion
Persuasion is the act of persuading someone to do something or to believe that
something is true.
In the video, it shows that the girl was trying to persuade those guys to believe in her
driving skill. She told them that her father was a car racer, she must have inherited his
father’s talent.
After a few moments of persuasion, they have been influenced by her talks and
changed their minds, attitudes and behavior towards women drivers.
Persuasion is a powerful force in daily life and has a major influence on society and a
whole in politics, legal decisions, mass media, news and advertising. They are all influenced
by the power of persuasion, and influence us in turn.
Heuristic
Heuristic is a mental shortcut that allows people to solve the problems without
thinking and make a judgment efficiently and quickly. This process help to speed up
decision-making time and allow people to function instantly without think about their next
course of action.
Heuristics play important roles in decision-making and problem-solving. When we
need a quick solution, we often turn these mental shortcuts to solve a problem or make a
decision.
For example, when we get lost, the mental shortcut allows us to think that GPS can
help us solve the problem that we are facing. It could lead us the correct ways to get to the
place that we want to go.
This shows that heuristics can shorten our problem-solving and decision-making
process, they can introduce errors. Just because something has worked in the past does not
mean that it will work again, and relying on an existing heuristic can make it difficult to see
alternative solutions or come up with new ideas.

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Appendix
Info-graphic sources from:
http://www.care2.com/greenliving/why-are-women-branded-as-bad-drivers.html

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13. How Lee Jing, Yee Algel, Tee Hing Nian Page 13

14. How Lee Jing, Yee Algel, Tee Hing Nian Page 14
Reference
1. Women Drivers Crash More Than Men. (1998, June 16). Women Drivers Crash More
Than Men. Retrieved May 28, 2014, from
http://www.scienceagogo.com/news/19980516133725data_trunc_sys.shtml
2. Tomooka, C. (1994, April 28). Psychology 499 Paper3. Psychology 499 Paper3.
Retrieved May 24, 2014, from
http://www.soc.hawaii.edu/leonj/leonj/459f96/cmachida/psy499/paper3.html
3. Stereotypes About Women Drivers. (n.d.). Women And Cars. Retrieved May 29, 2014,
from http://www.womenandcars.co.uk/stereotypes-about-women-drivers/