Golden age of islamic civiliation covering the perirod between the mid-8th century lasting until the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in 1258
Subtopics:
Introduction
Discussion of viewpoints
Catalysts for success
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions of the golden age to science and medicine
Philosophy and translation
Trade and commerce
The decline of the Islamic civilization
2.
Introduction
Discussion of viewpoints
Catalysts for success
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions to mathematics
Contributions of the golden age to science and medicine
Philosophy and translation
Trade and commerce
The decline of the Islamic civilization
Conclusion
3.
The golden age was during the Abbasid historical period beginning in
the mid-8th century lasting until the Mongol conquest of Baghdad in
1258
It was led under caliph Harun
Rashid
During the reign of Harun al-Rashid Baghdad was the world center of
knowledge, wealth and international significance.
Two factors that laid down the foundation of this period:
o Collection and translation of knowledge
o Sponsoring of scholars
Discussion of viewpoints
7. There are many reasons for the success of the Islamic
civilization during this period most notably is:
The principles and ideals of Islam was practiced.
tolerance and respect for the contributions of ethnic and
religious minorities.
Islam unified the tribes of Arabia.
Islam was attractive to the conquered:
It was easy to become Muslim
preaches equality (people could move up in society)
8.
Islam made major strides in
the field of
algebra, geometry and
trigonometry.
They used to solve practical
problems.
Contributions can be traced
to Al-Khawarizmi in the 9th
century.
He introduced the
fundamentals of algebra.
Most revolutionary
contribution was the
development of numbers
and the discovery of zero
(sifr).
Muhammad Bin Musa AlKhawarizmi (780-850)
9.
scientific method was first
developed in the Muslim
world, where significant
progress in methodology
was made.
The most important
development of the
scientific method was the
use of experimentation and
quantification.
Muslim scientists translated
Greek classics and made
far-reaching advances in
many fields.
10.
In the field of medicine the Muslims laid down the foundations of
many sub areas of medicine.
Both preventative and remedial aspects of medicine was researched
and developed.
Al-Razi, a 9th century Persian physician, made the first major
Muslim contribution to medicine when he developed treatments for
smallpox and measles.
Another physician Ibn sina composed over 276 works and the most
prominent is Qanun Ibn Sina (Cannon of medicine).
Muslims also made advances in the treatments of cataracts (main
cause of blindness during old age).
12.
Scientific work started with the
translation of scientific texts
into Arabic.
notable achievements are in
the field of chemistry and
physics.
Muslim chemist Jabir
discovered nitric acid and
developed the process of
distillation, sublimation, filtratio
n, coagulation and
crystallization.
Sublimation process
13. Physics
Ibn al-Haytham (ca. 9651039), "father of optics,"
explained how human
vision takes place .
He used an early form of
the scientific method to
explain optics .
14.
Muslim philosophers also took ideas from the Qur'an as a starting point for
pondering philosophical issues.
At the heart of the debate between philosophy and theology were
arguments for faith versus reason.
The key question that was extensively debated was: In the event of a
conflict between human knowledge and revealed knowledge which
should prevail?
Muslim philosophers were characterised by their Deen. Their faith in Islam
led them to recognize that even reason could not be used to fully
understand God or his knowledge.
15. Al-Farabi and other early Muslim
philosophers tried to find rational
arguments for the existence of God.
Theologians, led by AlGhazali, defended religion by
pointing out contradictions and
limitations to human reason.
Ibn Rushd (Muslim
scholar), responded to AlGhazali's argument by urging
philosophers to use reason to
reach genuine knowledge of the
truth, independent of revelation.
16.
The Abbasid encouraged translation from pre-Islamic
languages, particularly Middle Persian, Greek, and
Syriac.
This was necessary for two reason:
1.to understand the texts
2.Make further research and development
This activity provided a channel through which older
thought could enter and be reoriented by Islamic
societies.
17.
Islamic architecture is distinct in terms of its unique architectural
elements and ornamentations
Calligraphy, an essential aspect of written Arabic, developed in
manuscripts is often incorporated in architectural designs
Muslims also contributed to the field of engineering by inventing
gears, cranks, pistons and pumps.
These tools was later incorporated into machinery developed during
the European-based industrial revolution.
18. Machine used to elevate
water
Twin cylinder suction
pump by Al-jazri
Mill-house
near cordoba
21.
The benefits of trade during the golden age
Transfer of
knowledge
(scientific)
Economic prosperity
(enabled the state to
set up hospitals and
support scholars)
Trade
Other benefits: The
use of paper
spread
Spread of
Islam to other
lands
22.
The impact of trade on European civilization was
determined by three elements; geography, historical
development and spread of Islam.
Maritime trade routes fostered growth in commercial
activities.
Spice trade became an influential activity for European
leaders
Trade with other nations became important.
23.
24.
The decline of the golden age came as a result of a decline in
adherence to Islam as an ideology
Ideological decline can be attributed to:
Infusion of philosophical ideas from Greek, Persian and Indian
civilization
Abandoning of ijtihad (Translation)
Neglecting the study of the Arabic language
Political, cultural and missionary intervention from the west
25.
As a result of decline in adherence to Islam:
Muslims priorities in life changed and they faced internal
upheavals and conflicts
It also led to weakness of all institutions in the state
The field of Science and technology was most impacted
due to financial problems that research funds to decline