2. At the end of this session student would be able to:
 Give the definition of each emotional
manifestation.
 State the types of emotional manifestation
 List the causes of emotional manifestation that
shows by child.
 State the management for each emotional
manifestation that shows by child.

3. THUMB SUCKING

4. THUMB SUCKING

5. THUMB SUCKING

6. THUMB SUCKING

7. » THUMB SUCKING
 Support from parent and family members.
- Try not to become irritable, anxious and tense.
 Praising and encouraging child for breaking the
habit.
 Keep tumb or finger busy.
 Consultation with dentist and speech therapist
may be required to correct the complications.
 Hygienic measures to be followed and
infections to be treated promptly.

9. » Definition
Nail baiting is bad oral habit especially in
schoolage children beyond 4 years old
(5 - 7 years). It is sign of tension and self
punishment to cope with the hostile feeling
towards parents.

10. Cause:
 Immitating the parent who also a nail
biter.
 Unsecure feeling
 Conflict
 Hostility
 Pressurised study at school or home.
 Watching frightening violent scenes.

11. Management:
 Keep hand busy with creative activities or
play.
 Praised for well breaking the habit.
 Avoid punishment.
 Parent need reassurance and assistance
to accept the situation and to help the
child to overcome the problem.

12. Definition:
» The repetitive involuntary passage of
urine at inappropriate place especially at
bed, during night time, beyond the age of
4 to 5 years. It is found in 3 to 10 percent
school children.

13. Cause:
 Emotional factor:
- Hostile or dependent parent.
- Insecurity feeling
- Parental death
- Fear go to toilet, too cold wheater.
 Organic cause:
- Spina bifida, neurogenic bladder, juvenile
diabetes mellitus, seizures disorder

14. Cause:
 Small bladder capacity
 Improper toilet training
 Deep sleep with inability to receive the
signal from destended bladder to empty it

15. Management:
 Organic causes - specific treatment.
 Non organic cause:
- emotional support to child and parent.
- Environmental modification.
- Restriction of fluid after diner.
- Voiding before bedtime and arising the child to
void.
- Encourage and reward the child for dry nights.
- Punishment and criticism cause embarrassment
and frustration.

16. Definition:
Genital stimulation by handling the own genitals.

17. Cause:
 Infant and toddler
- Out of pure curiosity
 Older children
- Due to anxiety or sexual feelings. (boys >10
years)
 Adolescent
- Normal sign of prepubescent.
Parent should be informed that masturbation is
normal response during prepubescent and
pubescent stage and has a role in physical and
emotional development.

18. Management:
 Facilities for recreation and diversion.
 Provide sex education and counseling.
 Parent - provide love, affection and attention to
the older children with specific concern about
their feeling.

20. Definition:
Afraid or nervous feeling due to separation with
parent or guardians.

21. Cause:
 Do not believe other person except
mother/guardians.

22. Management:
 Shows love and caring to the child.
 Make child comfort.
 Give his favorite toys.

24. Defination:
A tantrum is the expression of a child's
frustration with the physical, mental or
emotional challenges of the moment.

25. Cause:
 Physical challenges - hunger and thirst.
 Mental challenges - child's difficulty learning or
performing a specific task, or difficulty using
words to express thoughts and feelings.
 Emotional challenges are more open to
speculation. Still, whatever the challenge,
frustration with the situation may fuel a child's
anger — and erupt in a tantrum.

26. Management:
 pretend to ignore the tantrum. If you lose your
cool or give in to your child's demands, you've
only taught your child that tantrums are
effective.
 you can act as if it's not interrupting things.
After your child quiets down, you might say, "I
noticed your behavior, but that won't get my
attention. If you need to tell me something, you
need to use your words."

27. Management:
 In public, pretending to ignore the behavior is still
the best policy. Any parent who witnesses the
scene is likely to sympathize with you as you ignore
the tantrum.
 If the tantrum escalates or your child is in danger of
hurting himself or herself, stop what you're doing
and remove your child from the situation. If your
child calms down, you may be able to return to
your activity. If not, go home — even if it means
leaving a cart full of groceries in the middle of the
store.
 discuss with your child the type of behavior you
would have preferred.

28. Management:
 remind him or her that tantrums aren't
appropriate. Sometimes a simple reminder to "use
your words" is adequate.
 During a timeout, seat your child in a boring place
— such as in a chair in the living room or on the
floor in the hallway — for a certain length of time,
usually one minute for each year of the child's age.
You can pretend that you don't even see your child
during the timeout, but you can still assure his or
her safety. If your child begins to wander around,
simply place him or her back in the designated
timeout spot. Remind your child that he or she is in
timeout, but don't offer any other attention.

29. Prevention:
There may be no foolproof way to prevent tantrums,
but there's plenty you can do to encourage good
behavior in even the youngest children:
 Be consistent. Establish a daily routine so that your
child knows what to expect. Stick to the routine as
much as possible, including nap time and bedtime.
It's also important to set reasonable limits and
follow them consistently.
 Plan ahead. If you need to run errands, go early in
the day — when your child isn't likely to be hungry
or tired. If you're expecting to wait in line, pack a
small toy or snack to occupy your child.