Ifi7184 lesson3

Overview of today’s lesson
• On todays lesson we will address
– The Random and Math Classes
– The conditional statements
• If;
• if-else statement; and
• switch statement;
2015 @ Sonia Sousa 2

Overview of Lesson 2
Variables and Assignment
Primitive Data Types
Expressions
Data Conversion
Interactive Programs
Creating Objects
The String Class
3

Variables
• Primitive data
– Numerical
• Integers: byte, short, int,
long
• Floating point decimals:
float, double
– Characters:
• Not complete strings:
char
– Boolean values:
• Boolean: True or false
• Complex object
– Declare as instance of
a data class
• String
• Date
• Everything else
4

Assignment Operators
• There are many assignment operators in
Java, including the following:
Operator
+=
-=
*=
/=
%=
Example
x += y
x -= y
x *= y
x /= y
x %= y
Equivalent To
x = x + y
x = x - y
x = x * y
x = x / y
x = x % y
5

Math operators
• Arithmetic or math expressions that
compute numeric results:
6
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Remainder
+
-
*
/
%

Increment and Decrement
• The increment (++) operator
count++;
count = count + 1;
• The decrement (--) operator
count--;
count = count - 1;
7

Comparative values
8
== Equal to
!= Not equal to
> Greater than
>= Greater than or equal to
< Less than
<= Less than or equal to
Conditional Operators
&& Conditional-AND
|| Conditional-OR
?: Ternary (shorthand for
if-then-else statement)
Be careful
When comparing strings
This will not work
https://docs.oracle.com/javase/tutorial/java/nutsandbolts/opsummary.html

Overview of Lesson 2
Variables and Assignment
Primitive Data Types
Expressions
Data Conversion
Interactive Programs
Creating Objects
The String Class
9

Class Libraries
• A class library is a collection of classes
– that we can use when developing programs
• Classes we've already used
– System , Scanner, String
– Those are part of the Java standard class library
(java.lang)
• Java standard class library is part of
– Java development environment
10

The Java class library
• Or the Java API
– Stands for Application Programming Interface
API
11
API documentation
http://docs.oracle.com/javase/6/docs/api/

Packages
• Classes in the Java API are organized
– As packages
• These often overlap with specific APIs
• Examples:
12
Package
java.lang
java.applet
java.awt
javax.swing
java.net
java.util
javax.xml.parsers
Purpose
General support
Creating applets for the web
Graphics and graphical user interfaces
Additional graphics capabilities
Network communication
Utilities
XML document processing

The import Declaration
• To use a class from a package,
– you need to import it
• You have 2 ways to do it
– Use the class name
import java.util.Scanner;
– import all classes in a particular package,
• use the * wildcard character
import java.util.*;
13

The import Declaration
• java.lang package classes
– are imported automatically into all programs
import java.lang.*;
– That's why we didn't have to import the
• System or String classes in earlier programs
• Scanner class, on the other hand,
– is part of the java.util package, and therefore
must be imported
14

How to get input
• Scanner class
– The methods for reading input values of various
types
import java.util class
• Scanner object uses System.in objects
– How to create a Scanner object
Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);
15
Scanner class is part of java.util
class library
creates the Scanner object

To read input from keyboard
• The nextLine method
– Reads all of the input until the end of the line
is found
answer = scan.nextLine();
– See Echo.java exercise
16

How to read input from keyboard
• Create a Scanner object
• Once created,
– Use it to invoke various input methods:
answer = scan.nextLine();
System.out.println (str.length());
System.out.println (str.substring(7));
System.out.println (str.toUpperCase());
System.out.println (str.length());
17
creates the Scanner object

Invoking String Methods
• Use the dot operator to invoke its methods
numChars = title.length()
• A method may return a value,
– which can be used in an assignment or
expression
18

Outline
Class Libraries
The String Class
The Random and Math Classes
Formatting Output
Condition statements
The if Statement
Boolean Expressions
The switch Statement
19

The Random Class
• The Random class
– is part of the java.util package
• It provides methods that generate pseudorandom
numbers
• A Random object
– performs complicated calculations
• based on a seed value to produce a stream of
seemingly random values
• See RandomNumbers.java
20

//********************************************************************
// RandomNumbers.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
//
// Demonstrates the creation of pseudo-random numbers using the
// Random class.
//********************************************************************
import java.util.Random;
public class RandomNumbers
{
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Generates random numbers in various ranges.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main (String[] args)
{
Random generator = new Random();
int num1;
float num2;
num1 = generator.nextInt();
System.out.println ("A random integer: " + num1);
num1 = generator.nextInt(10);
System.out.println ("From 0 to 9: " + num1);
continued
21

continued
num1 = generator.nextInt(10) + 1;
num1 = generator.nextInt(20) - 10;
System.out.println ("From -10 to 9: " + num1);
num2 = generator.nextFloat();
System.out.println ("A random float (between 0-1): " + num2);
num2 = generator.nextFloat() * 6; // 0.0 to 5.999999
num1 = (int)num2 + 1;
}
}
22

continued
num1 = generator.nextInt(20) - 10;
System.out.println ("From -10 to 9: " + num1);
num2 = generator.nextFloat();
System.out.println ("A random float (between 0-1): " + num2);
num2 = generator.nextFloat() * 6; // 0.0 to 5.999999
num1 = (int)num2 + 1;
}
}
Sample Run
A random integer: 672981683
From 0 to 9: 0
From 1 to 10: 3
From 20 to 34: 30
From -10 to 9: -4
A random float (between 0-1): 0.18538326
From 1 to 6: 3
23

Quick Check
• Given a Random object named gen, what
range of values are produced by the following
expressions?
24
gen.nextInt(25)
gen.nextInt(6) + 1
gen.nextInt(100) + 10
gen.nextInt(10) – 5
Range
0 to 24
1 to 6
10 to 109
100 to 149
-5 to 4
12 to 33

Quick Check
• Given a Random object named gen, what
range of values are produced by the following
expressions?
25
gen.nextInt(25)
gen.nextInt(6) + 1
Sample Run
20
5
47
111
3
13

Quick Check
• Write an expression that produces a random
integer in the following ranges:
26
Range
0 to 12
1 to 20
15 to 20
-10 to 0

Quick Check
Write an expression that produces a random integer
in the following ranges:
gen.nextInt(13)
gen.nextInt(20) + 1
gen.nextInt(6) + 15
Range
0 to 12
1 to 20
15 to 20
-10 to 0
27

The Math Class
• The Math class is part of the java.lang
package
• The Math class contains methods that
perform various mathematical functions
• These include:
– absolute value
– square root
– exponentiation
– trigonometric functions
28

The Math Class
• The methods of the Math class are static
methods (also called class methods)
• Static methods are invoked through the
class name – no object of the Math class
is needed
value = Math.cos(90) + Math.sqrt(delta);
• See squarertandpower.java
29

Exercises
Small java programs to use of Math
Class methods:
Math.sqrt and Math.pow

31
//********************************************************************
// squarertandpower.java Author: Sónia Sousa
//
// Demonstrates the use of Math Class methods
//********************************************************************
Name of the class SquarertAndPower
// create a variable of type double name X (double x;)
// import java.util.Scanner;
// use method Scanner to scan a number from the keyboard
Scanner scan = new Scanner(System.in);
System.out.print(”Enter a number ");
x = scan.nextDouble();
// print out the square rote of X using Math.sqrt(x) Math Class method
The square route of "+ x +" is "+Math.sqrt(x)
// print out X raised to the power of 2 using Math.pow(x, 2) Math Class
method
x+” raised to the power of 2 is ”+Math.pow(x, 2)

//********************************************************************
// squarertandpower.java Author: Isaias Barreto da rosa
//
// Demonstrates the use of Math Class methods
//********************************************************************
package squarertandpower;
public class SquarertAndPower {
public static void main(String[] args) {
double x;
System.out.print(”Enter a number ");
x = scan.nextDouble();
System.out.println("The square route of "+ x +" is "+Math.sqrt(x));
System.out.println(x+” raised to the power of 2 is ”+Math.pow(x, 2));
}
}
32
Sample Run
Enter a number: 4
The square route of 4.0 is 2.0
4.0 raised to the power of 2 is 16.0

Outline
Class Libraries
The String Class
Formatting Output
The if Statement
Boolean Expressions
33

Formatting Output
• Sometimes you need to format output values
– so that they can be presented properly.
• The Java standard class library (java.text)
– Includes classes that allows you to format
– The class name:
• NumberFormat: formats values as currency or percentages
• DecimalFormat: formats values (decimal numbers) based on a
pattern
• Both are part of the java.text package
342015 @ Sonia Sousa

Indentation
• Always use the use indentation style
– It makes a program easier to read and
understand
• The statement controlled by the if statement
– is indented to indicate that relationship
35
"Always code as if the person who ends up
maintaining your code will be a violent
psychopath who knows where you live."
-- Martin Golding
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Indentation
• Remember
– Indentation helps to better read your program,
• Indentation is ignored by the compiler
if (depth >= UPPER_LIMIT)
delta = 100;
else
System.out.println("Reseting Delta");
delta = 0;
36
Despite what the indentation implies, delta will be set to 0
no matter what
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Block Statements
• Several statements can be grouped together
– into a block statement delimited by braces
• A block statement can be used wherever
– a statement is called for in the Java syntax rules
37
if (total > MAX)
{
System.out.println ("Error!!");
errorCount++;
}
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Block Statements
• The if clause, or the else clause, or
both,
– could govern block statements
38
if (total > MAX)
{
errorCount++;
}
else
{
System.out.println ("Total: " + total);
current = total*2;
}
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Nested if Statements
• A statement executed as a result of an if or
else clause
– could be another if statement
• These are called nested if statements
– An else clause is matched to the last unmatched
if (no matter what the indentation implies)
– Braces can be used to specify the if statement
to which an else clause belongs

Exercises
Small java programs to format
Decimal values:
DecimalFormat

Outline
Class Libraries
The String Class
Formatting Output
The if Statement
Boolean Expressions
41

• A conditional statement
– Or selection statements
• lets us choose which statement will be executed next
– give us the power to make basic decisions
• The Java conditional statements are the:
– If;
– if-else statement; and
– switch statement;

• The switch statement is another way
– to decide which statement to execute next
• The switch statement evaluates an
expression, then
– See which results match a series of possible
cases
• Each case contains a value and a list of
statements

Outline
Class Libraries
The String Class
Formatting Output
The if Statement
Boolean Expressions
44

If statement
• The if-then and if-then-else Statements
– Its is the most basic statement to evaluate a
condition
• For example it tells your computer to execute a piece of
code only if
– a particular test evaluates to true.
• If it is false then the
– control jumps to the end of the if-then statement.

The if Statement
• Let's now look at the if statement in more detail
– The if statement has the following syntax:
46
if ( condition )
statement;
if is a Java
reserved word
The condition must be a
boolean expression. It must
evaluate to either true or false.
If the condition is true, the statement is executed.
If not if it is false, the statement is skipped.
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Logic of an if statement
condition
evaluated
statement
true
false

continue
System.out.println ("You entered: " + age);
if (age < MINOR)
System.out.println ("Youth is a wonderful thing. Enjoy.");
System.out.println ("Age is a state of mind.");
}
}
Sample Run
Enter your age: 47
You entered: 47
Age is a state of mind.
Another Sample Run
Enter your age: 12
You entered: 12
Youth is a wonderful thing. Enjoy.

The if-else Statement
• An else clause can be added to an if statement to make an
if-else statement
if ( condition )
statement1;
else
statement2;
• If the condition is true,
– statement1 is executed;
– if the condition is false, statement2 is executed
• One or the other will be executed, but not both
• See Wages.java

Logic of an if-else statement
condition
evaluated
statement1
true false
statement2

• A statement executed as a result of an if or else
clause
– An else clause is matched to the last unmatched if
(no matter what the indentation implies)
– Braces can be used to specify the if statement to
which an else clause belongs
• See MinOfThree.java

Logic of an if-else statement
condition
evaluated
statement1
true false
statement2
52
Condition 2
evaluated
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

continue
if (num1 < num2)
if (num1 < num3)
min = num1;
else
min = num3;
else
if (num2 < num3)
min = num2;
else
min = num3;
System.out.println ("Minimum value: " + min);
}
}
Sample Run
Enter three integers:
84 69 90
Minimum value: 69

Outline
54
Class Libraries
The String Class
Formatting Output
The if Statement
Boolean Expressions
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Boolean expressions
• The If condition is evaluated through a
boolean expression.
• The boolean expression evaluates if
– the condition is true or false.
• Then execute the statement.
55
if ( condition )
statement;
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Boolean Expressions
• A boolean expression uses
– Java's equality operators
– or relational operators
• returns a boolean results (True or False)
• Equality operators are:
== equal to
!= not equal to
• Relational operators are:
< less than
> greater than
<= less than or equal to
>= greater than or equal to
56
Note:
see difference
between the equality
operator (==) and the
assignment operator
(=)
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

• An if statement with its boolean condition:
• First, the condition is evaluated:
– If the value of sum is: greater than the value of
MAX,
– Then… the condition is true,
• Execute the statement;
– if not, skipped to execute the statement.
Boolean Expressions
57
if ( condition )
statement;
if (sum > MAX)
delta = sum – MAX;
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Quick Check
What do the following statement does?
if (total != (stock + warehouse))
inventoryError = true;
58
Sets the boolean variable to true
if the value of total is not equal to the sum
of stock and warehouse
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Boolean Expressions
• Boolean expressions can also use the following
– logical operators:
! Logical NOT
&& Logical AND
|| Logical OR
• They all take boolean operands and produce
boolean results
– Logical NOT is a unary operator (it operates on one
operand)
– Logical AND and logical OR are binary operators (each
operates on two operands)

Logical NOT
• The logical NOT operation
– is also called logical negation or logical complement
• If some boolean condition a is true, then
– !a is false; if
– a is false, then !a is true
• Logical expressions can be shown using a truth table:
60
a !a
true false
false true
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Logical AND and Logical OR
• The logical AND expression
a && b
– Condition: is true if both a and b are true,
• and false otherwise
• The logical OR expression
a || b
– Condition: is true if a or b or both are true,
• and false otherwise

Logical AND and Logical OR
• The table shows all possible true-false
combinations
– Since && and || each have two operands,
• there are four possible combinations of conditions a
and b
62
a b a && b a || b
true true true true
true false false true
false true false true
false false false false
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Logical Operators
• Expressions that use logical operators
– can form complex conditions
if (total < MAX+5 && !found)
System.out.println ("Processing…");
• Note: logical operators have lower
precedence
– Than the relational operators
– The ! operator has higher precedence than &&
and ||
63
if ( condition )
statement;
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Boolean Expressions
• Specific expressions can be evaluated
using truth tables
64
total < MAX found !found total < MAX && !found
false false true false
false true false false
true false true true
true true false false
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Quick Check
What do the following statements do?
65
if (found || !done)
System.out.println("Ok");
Prints "Ok" if found is true or done is false
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Short-Circuited Operators
• The processing of && and || is “short-
circuited”
– this means…
• If the left operand is sufficient to determine the
result, the right operand is not evaluated
if (count != 0 && total/count > MAX)
System.out.println ("Testing.");
• This type of processing should be used
carefully

Exercises
If-then-else statement:

68
//********************************************************************
// ConditionIf.java Author: Sónia Sousa
//
// Demonstrates the use of if-then-else statement
//********************************************************************
public class ConditionIf {
System.out.print("Enter a number of the month (between 1 and 12)");
int i = scan.nextInt();
// structure of a if-then-else statement and the condition code
if ( i>=1 && i<=3) {
System.out.println("You have enter " + i + ", this month belongs to
the first quarter of the year");
}
else if (i>=4 && i <=6) {
System.out.println("You have enter " + i + ", this month belongs
to the second quarter of the year");
}
else {
System.out.println("You have enter " + i + ", this month does
not belongs to the first half of the year");
}
}
}

Arithmetic or math expressions
69
Addition
Subtraction
Multiplication
Division
Remainder
+
-
*
/
%
Increment and Decrement
Increment operator
count++; or count = count + 1;
Decrement operator
count--; or count = count – 1;
Equal to
Not equal to
Greater than
Greater tan or equal to
Less than
Less than or equal to
==
!=
>
>=
<
<=
Conditional operators Boolean operators
Conditional-AND
Conditional-OR
Ternary
(shorthand for
if-then-else
statement
&&
||
?:

Exercises
The use of an if-else statement

Using an if statement
• Write a Java program (name it Age)
– That asks the user for their age (int) and then…
• Reads the user's age and prints comments accordingly.
– If statement
if (age < MINOR)
System.out.println ("Youth is a wonderful thing.
Enjoy.");
– If not
• print comment “Age is a state of mind”
– Please follow the example provided in the next
slide.

Java program (name it Age)
– import java.util.Scanner;
– Variables:
• int minor, age; and minor = 18;
– Execute commands:
• Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in)
• Print out (“Enter your age: “)
• Get the age = scan.nextInt();
• Print out the results

continue
System.out.println ("You entered: " + age);
if (age < MINOR)
System.out.println ("Youth is a wonderful thing. Enjoy.");
System.out.println ("Age is a state of mind.");
}
}
Sample Run
Enter your age: 47
You entered: 47
Another Sample Run
Enter your age: 12
You entered: 12
Youth is a wonderful thing. Enjoy.

Using an if-else statement
• Write a Java program (name it Wages)
– That asks the user for the number of hours of work
and then… calculates wages and prints it.
• Regular pay rate is 8.25
• Overtime rate is = regular rate * 1.5
• Standard hours in a work week = 40
– If statement
if (hours > standard)
pay = standard * rate+ (hours-standard) * (rate* 1.5);
else
pay = hours * rate;
– Please follow the example provided in the next slide.

Java program (name it Wages)
– import java.util.Scanner class
– Variables:
• int hours, standard;
• double rate, pay;
• pay = 0.0; rate= 8.25; standard = 40;
• Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in)
• Print out (“Enter the number of hours worked: “)
• Get the number of hours = scan.nextInt();
• Print out the Gross earnings.

continue
System.out.print ("Enter the number of hours worked: ");
int hours = scan.nextInt();
// Pay overtime at "time and a half"
if (hours > standard)
pay = standard * rate+ (hours-standard) * (rate* 1.5);
else
pay = hours * rate;
System.out.println ("Gross earnings: " + pay + ” Euros”);
}
}
Sample Run
Enter the number of hours worked: 46
Gross earnings: 404.25 Euros

Exercises
The use of Nested if Statements

• A statement executed as a result of an if or
else clause
– An else clause is matched to the last unmatched
if (no matter what the indentation implies)
– Braces can be used to specify the if statement
to which an else clause belongs

Using Nested if statements
• Write a Java program (name it Wages)
– That reads three integers from the user and
determines the smallest value.
– Nested If statement
if (num1 < num2)
if (num1 < num3)
min = num1;
else
min = num3;
else
if (num2 < num3)
min = num2;
else
min = num3;

Java program (name it Wages)
– import java.util.Scanner class
– Variables:
int num1, num2, num3, min;
min = 0;
Print out (“Enter three integers: “ )
Get the number of num1, num2, num3= scan.nextInt();
Print out (“Minimum value: " + min);

continue
if (num1 < num2)
if (num1 < num3)
min = num1;
else
min = num3;
else
if (num2 < num3)
min = num2;
else
min = num3;
System.out.println ("Minimum value: " + min);
}
}
Sample Run
Enter three integers:
84 69 90
Minimum value: 69

Exercises
The use of Block if Statements

Block Statements
• Several statements can be grouped together
– into a block statement delimited by braces
• A block statement can be used wherever
– a statement is called for in the Java syntax rules
83
if (total > MAX)
{
errorCount++;
}
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Block Statements
• The if clause, or the else clause, or
both,
– could govern block statements
84
if (total > MAX)
{
errorCount++;
}
else
{
System.out.println ("Total: " + total);
current = total*2;
}
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

Using a Block if-else statement
• Write a Java program (name it Guessing)
– That plays a simple guessing game with the user
• The program generates a random number and ask the user
to guess and then… print and answer saying if h/she is
correct or wrong.
– If-else statement
if (guess == answer)
System.out.println ("You got it! Good guessing!");
else
{
System.out.println ("That is not correct, sorry.");
System.out.println ("The number was " + answer);
}

Java program (name it Guessing)
– import java.util.* class
– Variables:
• int MAX, answer, guess; and MAX= 10;
• Scanner scan = new Scanner (System.in);
• Random generator = new Random();
• answer = generator.nextInt(MAX) + 1;
– Ask for the user to guess the number
• Print out ("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and ” +
MAX + ". Guess what it is: ”)
• Get the number: guess = scan.nextInt();

continue
System.out.print ("I'm thinking of a number between 1 and "
+ MAX + ". Guess what it is: ");
guess = scan.nextInt();
if (guess == answer)
System.out.println ("You got it! Good guessing!");
else
{
System.out.println ("That is not correct, sorry.");
System.out.println ("The number was " + answer);
}
}
}
Sample Run
I'm thinking of a number between 1 and 10. Guess what it is: 6
That is not correct, sorry.
The number was 9

Outline
88
Class Libraries
The String Class
Formatting Output
The if Statement
Boolean Expressions
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

• The switch statement is
– Another way to decide which statement to
execute next
• The switch statement evaluates an
expression,
– then attempts to match the result to one of
several possible cases
• Each case contains a value and a list of
statements

• The general syntax of a switch
statement is:
90
switch ( expression )
{
case value1 :
statement-list1
case value2 :
statement-list2
case value3 :
statement-list3
case ...
}
switch
and
case
are
reserved
words
If expression
matches value2,
control jumps
to here
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

• Often a break statement is used as the last
statement in each case's statement list
• A break statement causes control to transfer
to the end of the switch statement
• If a break statement is not used, the flow of
control will continue into the next case
• Sometimes this may be appropriate, but often
we want to execute only the statements
associated with one case

• An example of a switch statement:
92
switch (option)
{
case 'A':
aCount++;
break;
case 'B':
bCount++;
break;
case 'C':
cCount++;
break;
}
2015 @ Sonia Sousa

• A switch statement can have an optional
default case
• The default case has no associated value
and simply uses the reserved word default
• If the default case is present, control will
transfer to it if no other case value matches
• If there is no default case, and no other value
matches, control falls through to the
statement after the switch

• The type of a switch expression must be integers,
characters, or enumerated types
• As of Java 7, a switch can also be used with
strings
• You cannot use a switch with floating point values
• The implicit boolean condition in a switch
statement is equality
• You cannot perform relational checks with a
switch statement
• See GradeReport.java

Exercises
Switch case statement:

96
//********************************************************************
// switchStatement.java Author: Sónia Sousa
//
// Demonstrates the use of Switch statement
//********************************************************************
import java.util.*;
public class switchStatement {
// calling a class called getInput() that scans a number form the keyboard
String input=getInput();
// convert a String object to intinger with Integer.parseInt() method
int month = Integer.parseInt(input);
// statement evaluates an expression “the input month number”
switch (month) {
case 1:
System.out.println("The month is January");
break;
case 2:
System.out.println("The month is February");
break;
case 3:
System.out.println("The month is March");
break;

97
case 4:
System.out.println("The month is April");
break;
case 5:
System.out.println("The month is May");
break;
case 6:
System.out.println("The month is june");
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private static String getInput(){
System.out.print("enter a number between 1 and 6: ");
return scan.nextLine();
}
}

Exercise
The use of switch (case 1, case 2, …)

//********************************************************************
// GradeReport.java Author: Lewis/Loftus
//
// Demonstrates the use of a switch statement.
//********************************************************************
public class GradeReport
{
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
// Reads a grade from the user and prints comments accordingly.
//-----------------------------------------------------------------
public static void main (String[] args)
{
int grade, category;
System.out.print ("Enter a numeric grade (0 to 100): ");
grade = scan.nextInt();
category = grade / 10;
System.out.print ("That grade is ");
continue

continue
switch (category)
{
case 10:
System.out.println ("a perfect score. Well done.");
break;
case 9:
System.out.println ("well above average. Excellent.");
break;
case 8:
System.out.println ("above average. Nice job.");
break;
case 7:
System.out.println ("average.");
break;
case 6:
System.out.println ("below average. You should see the");
System.out.println ("instructor to clarify the material "
+ "presented in class.");
break;
default:
System.out.println ("not passing.");
}
}
}

continue
switch (category)
{
case 10:
System.out.println ("a perfect score. Well done.");
break;
case 9:
System.out.println ("well above average. Excellent.");
break;
case 8:
System.out.println ("above average. Nice job.");
break;
case 7:
System.out.println ("average.");
break;
case 6:
System.out.println ("below average. You should see the");
System.out.println ("instructor to clarify the material "
+ "presented in class.");
break;
default:
System.out.println ("not passing.");
}
}
}
Sample Run
Enter a numeric grade (0 to 100): 91
That grade is well above average. Excellent.

Ifi7184 lesson3

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Ifi7184 lesson3