3. Learning Objectives
11.1 Understand the difference between the
individual (medical) model of disability and
the social model of disability.
11.2 Explain what constitutes a minority group.
11.3 Demonstrate how those with disabilities are
vulnerable to abuse.
11.4 Describe the disability rights movement and
the effects of the Americans with Disabilities
Act of 1990.
5. 11.1 - Definitions
• Individual Model of Disability
• Social Model of Disability
• Toward a More Complete Definition of
Disability
6. LO 11.1 - Individual Model of Disability
• Medical Model
• Rehabilitation is the goal
– Return people to “normal”
• Disability is not always visible
7. LO 11.1
The probability of disability increases with age with
almost 75 percent of those 80 years and older having
a disability.
8. LO 11.1 - Social Model of Disability
• Challenges the notion that disability is
primarily a medical category
• Society creates barriers
• The goal of rehabilitation is to remove
social and environmental barriers
9. LO 11.1 - Toward a More Complete
Definition of Disability
• Impairment and disability versus social
impediments
– Neither is complete
• Best to combine the approaches
10. LO 11.1
The individual model of disability uses
rehabilitation to return a person with
disability to __________.
A. “normal”
B. “efficiency”
C. “awareness”
D. “happiness”
11. LO 11.1
The individual model of disability uses
rehabilitation to return a person with
disability to __________.
A. “normal”
B. “efficiency”
C. “awareness”
D. “happiness”
12. LO 11.1
A complete view of disability must look at
medical and social aspects.
A. True
B. False
13. LO 11.1
A complete view of disability must look at
medical and social aspects.
A. True
B. False
14. 11.2 - People with Disabilities as a
Minority Group
• Defined as Different
• Derogatory Naming
• Minority as a Master Status
• Categorization, Stigma, and Stereotypes
• Exclusion and Segregation
• Matrix of Domination
• Discrimination
15. LO 11.2 - Defined as Different
• Minority group status is a social construct
that varies
• Salient characteristics
• Visible, although not necessarily physical
16. LO 11.2 - Derogatory Naming
• Naming is not a neutral process
– Belittle
– Trivialize
– Exclude
– Diminish
– Deprecate
– Demean
17. LO 11.2 - Minority as a Master Status
• Dominant status
• Distinguished from the majority
18. LO 11.2 - Categorization, Stigma, and
Stereotypes
• Master status with a stigma
• Not all disabilities are stigmatized equally
• Ableism
19. LO 11.2 - Exclusion and Segregation
• Segregated housing
• “Incurables”
• “Special education”
• Architectural barriers
20. LO 11.2 - Matrix of Domination
• Intersections of oppression
– Race
– Class
– Gender
– Sexual orientation
• Discrimination is additive
21. LO 11.2 - Discrimination
• The discrimination that people with
disabilities experience is related to how
they are perceived by the rest of society.
22. LO 11.2 - Document: Hoops and Wheels
http://media.pearsoncmg.com/ab/mysoclibra
ry/pdf/MSLibr_Berger_Hoops_and_Wheels.
pdf
23. LO 11.2
According to the textbook, people with a
disability are defined as a minority group
because __________.
A. they are biologically different
B. policies dictate a definition
C. society determined ability is the norm
D. they choose to be defined this way
24. LO 11.2
According to the textbook, people with a
disability are defined as a minority group
because __________.
A. they are biologically different
B. policies dictate a definition
C. society determined ability is the
norm
D. they choose to be defined this way
27. 11.3 – Issues of Gender, Sexual
Behavior, and Fertility
• Gender Stereotyping
• Sexual Relationships
• Physical and Sexual Abuse
• The Abortion Issue
28. LO 11.3 - Gender Stereotyping
• Hegemonic Masculinity
• Femininity
• Gender differences in employment
• Relationships
29. LO 11.3 - Sexual Relationships
• Assumptions about people with
disabilities:
– Asexual
– Unlovely
– Undesirable
• Denial of sex
• Difficulty in finding partners
30. LO 11.3 - Physical and Sexual Abuse
• More likely to be victims of abuse than
those without disabilities
– Deaf people who cannot speak
– People with learning disabilities
31. LO 11.3 - The Abortion Issue
• Primary reason for prenatal testing is to
determine “normality”
– Can choose to terminate the pregnancy
• Abortion, related to disability, presents a
major quandary for feminists
32. LO 11.3
A problem for men with disabilities is that
they do not meet the demands of
__________.
A. economic stability
B. emotional maturity
C. hegemonic masculinity
D. structural ability
33. LO 11.3
A problem for men with disabilities is that
they do not meet the demands of
__________.
A. economic stability
B. emotional maturity
C. hegemonic masculinity
D. structural ability
34. LO 11.3
People with disabilities are less likely to be
victims of abuse.
A. True
B. False
35. LO 11.3
People with disabilities are less likely to be
victims of abuse.
A. True
B. False
36. 11.4 - Agency
• Disability Rights Movement
• Americans with Disabilities Act
37. LO 11.4 - Disability Rights Movement
• Began in the late 1960s
• Rehabilitation Act of 1973
• Education for All Handicapped Children
Act (1975)
• Developmental Disabilities Amendments
of 1975
38. LO 11.4
People with disabilities have organized successful protests to
make their case to the public and policy makers.
40. LO 11.4 - Americans with Disabilities Act
• Signed into law in 1990
• Prohibits discrimination in employment
against qualified individuals
• Private businesses must make sure all
buildings are accessible to people with
disabilities
• Political setbacks and progress
41. LO 11.4 - Conclusion
A fundamental progressive goal for society
is social justice.
42. LO 11.4 - Explorer Activity: Abilities:
Barriers to Full Participation: Limited Abilities
http://www.socialexplorer.com/pearson/plink.
aspx?dest=http%3a%2f%2fwww.socialexp
lorer.com%2fSpiceMap%2f%3fv%3d8f606
d84dcc54235
Please log into MySocLab with your
username and password before accessing
this link.
43. LO 11.4
The ADA is necessary because people with
disabilities are frequently __________.
A. given special treatment
B. encouraged to participate
C. forced to discriminate
D. denied access
44. LO 11.4
The ADA is necessary because people with
disabilities are frequently __________.
A. given special treatment
B. encouraged to participate
C. forced to discriminate
D. denied access
45. LO 11.4
The ADA emerged from a movement that
began in the 1980s.
A. True
B. False
46. LO 11.4
The ADA emerged from a movement that
began in the 1980s.
A. True
B. False
47. LO 11.4
Question for Discussion
Discuss the history of legislation for people
with disabilities.
Editor's Notes
Increasingly, people with disabilities have positive and fulfilled sexual lives.
But sexual problems remain, not because of individual incapacity, but because of prejudice, discrimination, and structural barriers
Assumptions about people with disabilities
That we are asexual, or at best inadequate
That if we are not married or in a long-term relationship, it is because no one wants us and not through a personal choice to remain single or live alone
That if we do not have a child, it must be the cause of abject sorrow to us and likewise never through choice
Denial of sex
People with disabilities are often not welcome in nightclubs and other social venues where sex is on the agenda.
Clubs designed for sexual interaction are often not designed for the disabled.
Living in a home or other facility some feel that staff deny them the right to form emotional or sexual attachments to other patients.
Difficulty in finding partners
People with disabilities often face barriers to environments where nondisabled people make contacts that lead to sexual encounters or romantic relationships.
Computer chat rooms or advertisements in lonely hearts newspaper columns provide an option to those with physical mobility difficulties. But these options are not usually accessible to people with visual impairments.
