Ableism refers to discrimination against people with different abilities through language, attitudes, and actions. Some examples of ableist microaggressions include using terms like "dumb", "lame", or "retarded" to refer to someone or something, as well as referring to someone as "crazy" or labeling them with a mental illness like "OCD". The document provides a definition of ableism and examples of ableist language and microaggressions.