HUMAN BEHAVIOR-ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON HEALTH AND HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION

HUMAN BEHAVIOR-
ASSESSMENT OF
COMMUNITY PERCEPTION
ON HEALTH AND HEALTH
PROMOTION AND
EDUCATION
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III
1

HUMAN BEHAVIOR
• It is the population
of behavior
exhibited by humans
and influenced by
culture, attitudes,
emotions, values,
ethics, authority,
rapport, hypnosis,
persuasion, coercion
and/or genetics.
2

ASSESSING
COMMUNITY
PERCEPTION
ABOUT HEALTH
3

GOAL:
To identify the most important
health problems in a
community, the perception of
community members about
health should be assessed.
It is important that all sectors
of the community are involved
in these assessments.
4

Different
methods for
achieving this
goal:
Questionnaires
Participatory
approaches
A focus group
discussion
Changing risky
behavior
5

Questionnaires
• One way to find out what people think is to use
a community questionnaire.
• Frequently, it may be difficult for community
members devise their own questionnaires and
the information collected may require
sophisticated analysis.
• Because the questions must be defined before
the information is collected, the information
will be limited to these issues.
6

QUESTIONNAIRES
• Questionnaires
may not
therefore be
flexible enough
to include other
issues of
importance to
the community
7

PARTICIPATORY APPROACHES
Because of the limitations
of questionnaires, a
number of other
techniques have been
developed. –
They are often grouped
together and referred to
as a participatory rural
(or rapid) appraisal.
The techniques allow the
community itself to
develop areas for
discussion, rather than
using questionnaire
responses to define the
topics.
8

PARTICIPATORY
APPROACHES
These techniques are sometimes used with
questionnaires: by asking the same question in
different ways during community discussions,
issues raised by questionnaire respondents can
be verified.
They are briefly discussed below to provide an
idea of how such techniques may be used.
Participatory approaches cover a range of
techniques, including key informant
interviews, group discussions and
observations.
9

PARTICIPATORY
APPROACHES
When using these techniques, it is
important to balance the need to discuss
all issues of community concern with the
need to remain focused on the principal
objective- assessment of community
health priorities
Although these techniques are often used
by trained staff, they can be also used by
community leaders to assess the
perceptions of community members about
health issues.
10

PARTICIPATORY APPROACH
Key informant interviews are discussed with key people
within a community who have a special interest in, or
responsibility for improving health.
Key informants include women’s leaders, youth leaders,
religious leader and health workers.
Rather than directly asking prepared questions, however,
the interviewer can instead prepare topic guides to ensure
that the principal areas of interest are covered during the
course of discussions.
The objective of each interview should be clearly defined
and the community member best placed to provide
answers should be identified
11

A FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
- A focus group
discussion is a
technique that
brings together
groups of people to
discuss a particular
issue, often in an
informal setting.
The role of the
group facilitator is
to help the group to
identify key issues
related to the topic
under discussion,
while allowing
sufficient flexibility
to cover all aspects
of the topic to
everyone’s
satisfaction.
12

A FOCUS GROUP DISCUSSION
To help foster agreement about the key issues, it is better to establish a
goal or objective that the whole group agrees with from the outset.
For example, the goal may be to decide which problems are most
important to resolve.
Sometimes people may give responses that are not relevant, or that
appear silly or amusing to the other group members. It is important that
people do not fee, they are being ridiculed for their views
13

CHANGING RISKY BEHAVIOR
• People who engage in risky activities do so for many reasons, some of which
may relate to other problems in their life or in their society.
• People who abuse substances or drink too much alcohol may do so not only
to get a “buzz” or “high” but also because they have problems in their
personal or family life or because they feel marginalized in their
community.
• This behavior can be a means of trying to cope with these problems. People
who engage in high-risk behavior do not always consider the impact of their
behavior on their own health and wellbeing, or on the well-being of their
families and communities.
14

CHANGING
RISKY
BEHAVIOR
A first step in changing risky behavior is to
encourage people to talk about the impact
that their behavior has on themselves and
on their community.
This requires that they have access to
information and support. Encouraging
people to change risky behavior takes
effort and time, and may require working
with individuals, households and the
whole community.
While it may be relatively easy to change a
person’s behavior initially, sustaining such
changes can be much more difficult.
15

CHANGING
RISKY
BEHAVIOR
If a person reverts to the risky
behavior, it is important to
continue to work with them and
help them to stop the behavior
again.
One approach is to form a
community support group with
support from counselors or other
health personnel.
Those engaging in risky behavior can
discuss the problems associated with
their behavior in terms of financial cost,
losing respect, disharmony in the home
and difficult interactions with neighbors.
16

CHANGING
RISKY
BEHAVIOR
It is also important to identify the problems a
person faces in trying to change their behavior
and to discuss factors that might encourage
them to overcome these problems.
This may require working with people to
develop strategies for dealing with personal
and family problems, and to develop other
social and occupational activities in place of
the
Many people will need ongoing support and
encouragement not to go back to risky
behavior.
17

CHANGING
RISKY
BEHAVIOR
It is important not to penalize people
who revert to risky behavior; they
should be helped to understand why
they went back and encouraged to
change.
Such relapses can be used as a learning
experience, helping the person to
understand which situations trigger a
return to risky behavior.
Eliminating this behavior completely
may not be possible and it may be
more effective to keep it within limits
that do not harm the person or their
family.
18

CHANGING RISKY BEHAVIOR
•For example, drinking could be
reduced to non harmful levels.
19

CHANGING
RISKY
BEHAVIOR
In some cases, the individual or
community may need support
from medical personnel or
mental health specialists.
this is sometimes called
‘detoxification’
Care should be taken to ensure
that this process is properly
supervised as it can pose a risk
to health
20

HEALTH
EDUCATION
21

In addition to working with
people who engage in risky
behavior, it is important to
work with communities to
develop strategies and
knowledge for preventing it.
As with many health issues,
prevention is much better
than trying to treat
problems after they occur.
22

• The whole community should be
encouraged to participate in
defining the impacts and problems
associated with risky behaviors, and
to discuss how they can be reduced
or prevented.
• It is especially important that
children have access to information
about the impact of risky behavior
on their health and on the well-
being of their community.
23

HUMAN BEHAVIOR-ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON HEALTH AND HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION

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HUMAN BEHAVIOR-ASSESSMENT OF COMMUNITY PERCEPTION ON HEALTH AND HEALTH PROMOTION AND EDUCATION