Basics of skin Aesthetics and spa Therapy

1. Basics of Skin Aesthetics
and Spa Therapy

3. Skin and Face Muscle Anatomy
and Physiology
• The skin is far more than just the outer covering of human
beings,It is an organ just like the heart, lungs or liver.Besides
providing a layer of protection from pathogens,physical
abrasions and radiation from the sun, the skin serves many
functions.It plays a vital role in homeostasis by maintaining a
constant body temperature via the act of sweating or
shivering and by making you aware of external stimuli through
information perceived within touch receptors located within
the integumentary system.

4. FACTS ABOUT THE SKIN
The skin is the body’s largest organ ,
covering the entire body.In addition to
serving as a protective shield against heat,
light , injury and infections the skin also-
• Regulates body temperature
• Stores water and fat
• Is a sensory organ
• Prevents water loss
• Prevents entry of bacteria

5. Throughout the body , the skin’s
characteristics vary(i.e thickness,color,
texture).For instance, the head contains more
hair follicles than anywhere else ,while the
soles of the feet contain none.In addition , the
soles of the feet and the palms of the hands
are much thicker
The skin is made up of the following
layers,with each layer performing specific
functions-
• Epidermis
• Dermis
• Subcutaneous fat layer

6. Epidermis
The epidermis is the thin outer layer of the
skin which consists of the following three
parts-
• Stratum corneum (horny layer)
This layer consists of fully mature keratinocytes
which contain fibrous proteins (keratins). The
outermost layer is continuously shed. The stratum
corneum prevents the entry of most foreign
substances as well as the loss of fluid from the
body.
• Keratinocytes (squamous cells)
This layer, just beneath the stratum corneum,
contains living keratinocytes (squamous cells),
which mature and form the stratum corneum.

7. skin

8. • Basallayer
The basal layer is the deepest layer of the
epidermis, containing basal cells. Basal cells
continually divide, forming new keratinocytes,
replacing the old ones that are shed from the skin's
surface.
• The epidermis also contains melanocytes, which
are cells that produce melanin (skin pigment).

9. Dermis
The dermis is the middle layer of the skin. The
dermis contains the following:
• Blood vessels
• Lymph vessels
• Hair follicles
• Sweat glands
• Collagen bundles
• Fibroblasts
• Nerves

10. The dermis is held together by a protein
called collagen, made by fibroblasts. This layer
gives skin flexibility and strength. It also
contains pain and touch receptors
Subcutis
• The subcutis is the deepest layer of skin. The
subcutis, consisting of a network of collagen
and fat cells, helps conserve the body's heat
and protects the body from injury by acting as
a "shock absorber."