2. In the state of Virginia
y = -36.4ln(x) + 333.9
R² = 0.270
-80.00
-60.00
-40.00
-20.00
0.00
20.00
40.00
60.00
80.00
$0 $5,000 $10,000 $15,000 $20,000
Grwothofmedianincome
1969-1979
1969 Median Income
Median incomes between all
localities converged somewhat
during the 1970's
y = 0.000x - 18.13
R² = 0.210
-35
-30
-25
-20
-15
-10
-5
0
5
10
15
20
0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000
GrowthofRealMedianIncome2000-2010
Median Income 2000
and then diverged again
3. Poverty rates in Virginia localities closely correlate over
time, and poverty has increased in most.
y = 1.248x
R² = 0.932
0.0
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
0.0 5.0 10.0 15.0 20.0 25.0
Areapovertyratein2003
Area poverty rate in 2011
4. So where does this leave Roanoke?
• Roanoke’s median income is expressed here in constant 2011
dollars.
35000
36000
37000
38000
39000
40000
41000
42000
43000
44000
45000
1969 CONST 1979 CONST 1989 CONST 2000 CONST 2011 CONST
Roanoke's real median income declined during the 70's and
again over the past decade.
5. Poverty is a product.
Impoverishment is a process.
6. The Area’s occupation & job mix is decidedly
tilted toward lower average wages
14%
average
less than
$10/hr
20 %
average
$10.01-
$13/hr
12 %
average
$13.01-
$15/hr
54 %
average
more than
$15.01 + /
hr
Average earnings in Roanoke MSA job
mix 2012: out of 147,800 jobs ...
12.4%
average less
than $10/ hr
15%
average
$10.01-$13 /
hr
13%
average
$13.01-$15 /
hr
59.6%
average
more than
$15.01 /hr
Average earnings in Roanoke MSA job mix
2003: out of 136,1910 jobs (in 2012$) ...
7. Roanoke lags the state in educational attainment.
no diploma
12%
diploma
26%
Some
college/Assoc
-iates
[PERCENTAG
E]
Bachelor's+
35%
Virginia Educational Attainment 2011
persons 25 years and older
no diploma
18%
diploma
30%
Some
collage/Assoc
-iates
[PERCENTAG
E]
Bachelor's+
22%
Roanoke Educational Attainment
2011 persons 25 years and older
8. The cost of health insurance
$11,194
29%
$27,263
71%
2003:
Average Family Health Insurance Cost of $11,194
is 29%
of Roanoke's Median Income of
$38,458 (2011$)
$14,822,
39%
$23,660
61%
2011:
Average Family Health Insurance Cost of $14,822
is 39%
of Roanoke's Median Income of
$38,482
9. Living Wages?
“The second line on the sample budget leaves room for income from a
second job, which many called an admission by the fast food giant that its
workers can't live on its wages alone.” – CNN Money
10. Education reflects in earnings…
20,913
27,905
32,060
40,049
51,219
17,221
21,520
33,036
42,325
52,045
No Diploma Diploma/GED only Some college/Associates Bachelor's Graduate Degree
Real median earnings have fallen for those with only a diploma or less
in Roanoke since 2005 (2011$)
Median Earnings in Roanoke 2005 (2011$) Median Earnings in Roanoke 2011
- 17.6 %
decrease
- 22.9%
decrease
3 %
increase
5.7 %
increase
1.6 %
increase
11. A locality’s income
correlates more
NEGATIVELY with the proportion of adults without a high school diploma
than it does
POSITIVELY with the proportion of adults with at least a Bachelor’s degree.
y = -33690ln(x) + 145308
R² = 0.6292
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
0.0 10.0 20.0 30.0 40.0
MedianIncome2011
Percent of adults without a high-school
diploma 2011
y = 1068.4x + 25201
R² = 0.5544
0
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0
medianincome2011
Percent of adults with at least a Bachelor’s
degree 2011
12. White mobility
out of poverty
Rate
African-American
mobility out of
poverty rate
High
School
Diploma
Bachelor’s
Degree
Mobility Rates equalize
between races with
Bachelor’s Degree
Head Start effect: High-
quality early childhood
education improves chances of
on time 3rd Grade
achievement and thus
finishing High School
Project Discovery
effect: improves
chances of achieving
Bachelor’s
Mobility
rate
Child’s adult level
of education
On-Time
Third Grade
achievement
13. Roanoke’s income structure is polarizing.
y = - 0.213x
R² = 0.986
-20
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
PorportionofIncome
Proportion of Population by Quintiles
Income Polarization in Roanoke
2011 Quinitle Distribution
Roanoke’s GINI
coefficient is .45
which is 12% above
the national average
and the same
as
Mexico’s
• In Roanoke, the poorest 20% of the
population make 3.36% of Roanoke’s
total income. The richest five percent
accounts for 22.32% of its total
residential income.
Position in the
Distribution
Average Income
Lowest Quintile $ 8,641
Second Quintile $24,020
Third Quintile $38,641
Fourth Quintile $58,834
Highest
Quintile
$127,222
Top 5 Percent $229,738
14. Education Defeats Poverty & Promotes Racial Equity
Head Start & Project Discovery
help ALL CHILDREN increase their chances of
Escaping Intergenerational Poverty
