Emerging Standards: Data and Data Exchange in Scholarly Publishing
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Jay Henry, Ringgold’s Chief Marketing Officer, presented at the Council of Science Editors Annual Conference in Philadelphia, and discussed 'Emerging Standards: Data and Data Exchange in Scholarly Publishing' on Sunday 17 May 2015.
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Emerging Standards: Data and Data Exchange in Scholarly Publishing
- 1. Jay Henry Chief Marketing Officer
- 6. *This means data that can be linked together through unambiguous identification and exchanged with others Governed Trusted Transparent And contain appropriate metadata In order to be effective, identifiers must be:
- 7. Persistent numeric or alpha-numeric designations associated with a single entity Entities can be an institution, person, or piece of content (People, Places, & Things) 1. Disambiguate, aka enforce uniqueness 2. Enable linking, aka data integration and interoperability In other words, they provide a simple basis for data governance
- 8. ◦ Break down silos ◦ Keep data current and synchronised ◦ Enable staff to interact with data more effectively ◦ Simplify data exchange ◦ Improve overall data quality Institutional Identifiers CRM Electronic document storage Usage statistics Author Database Fulfilment system Membersh ip system License Validation Manuscript Submission System
- 9. • Resources & personnel required to join existing records to IDs or an authority file • Build customized solutions mapping systems together • Improve data capture to require an ID upon record creation • Manual vs programmatic cost-benefit questions • Design new reporting and analysis tools to leverage newly linked datasets
- 10. Researchers – create Current Research Information Systems (CRIS) – one portal to figure out how to best conduct research, who to work with, who will fund it, what else has been contributed to the subject thus far, where is the best equipment to help further the research. Funders – Want to track areas of interest, identify worthwhile pursuits, and see where their money goes. Institutions – Demonstrate research output more accurately and precisely describe the institution’s contribution and who is affiliated with that work. Publishers – Facilitate transactions of all types from content discovery to delivery of author royalties. Improved market analysis and targeted advertising.
- 11. ISO Standard 27729 ISNI is designed to be a “bridge identifier” Covers any type of entity ISNI Number ISNI Number Party ID 2Party ID 1 Proprietary Information and/or Metadata Proprietary Information and/or Metadata
- 12. In cooperation with ProQuest, OCLC, and other public and commercial entities, Ringgold has been working to map ISNIs to deeper datasets for the past two years. It’s taken time due to the problems with the raw source data, and the policies for assignment of the unique ISNI identifier.
- 13. At the same time ISNI records are loaded to the Ringgold Identify Database we will being issuing ISNIs for institutions. ProQuest (Bowker) is a Registration Agency as well, focusing on individuals.
- 14. ISNI (OCLC tech) Third Parties M E M E B E R S M E M E B E R S M E M E B E R S M E M E B E R S M E M E B E R S M E M E B E R S Proprietary Databases Members submit data to RAGs: a. auto-match b. audit match c. RAG assigns new ISNIs d. RAGs synch w/ ISNI e. ISNI used as bridge via Public Data Members can access “full” ISNI information but cannot provide or assign numbers to 3rd parties-- ISNI data can be used w/in internal systems (e.g. library may assign ISNIs to all individuals and departments within their institution
- 17. It was a desire to “help” authors differentiate and disambiguate themselves that got ISNI started. Along the way, a lot has been learned. A specific example, that often doesn’t get a lot of attention, is the need for privacy protection whenever there is an Identification process underway… this holds true for individuals and institutions. Our industry spends a great deal of time discussing “open data”, but there are many times when that data should not (or cannot) be made public (physicist romance author, animal tester, military applications, etc….)
- 18. The Semantic Web cannot exist without well structured data Things take on a life of their own Vastness Vagueness Uncertainty Inconsistency Deceit The challenges to creating a world of content tagged with meaning: Standard Identifiers can help with the middle three – Artificial Intelligence will handle Vastness and Deceit
- 19. Thank you Jay Henry Chief Marketing Officer jay.henry@ringgold.com www.ringgold.com
Editor's Notes
- Let’s take a moment to orient ourselves on the big picture…
- Our trees are interesting! Publications, vendors, authors… all the people places and things can be described using standard taxonomies and identifiers.
- This aerial view of our forest home provides a bit more perspective – but we’re really headed to a place where we can use standardized descriptions to develop new information
- Here, we’ve virtualized our understanding of the world by using data ---from this perspective, not only can we look at things far beyond our immediate sight, but are able to view our surroundings in different contexts and with much deeper analysis than by simply looking around– this is where we are headed when looking at the universe of people, the world of places, or all the stuff in it. We used to look at long lists of people we though might be customer, those that were already customers… and now we have ways to better understand who is really using our content, who is funding the most highly accessed research, and who’s are the individuals and institutions involved?
- You’ll note that I’ve used the term “Standard Identifiers” as opposed to just “Standards”… I’ll be focusing on using standard identifiers as the main data hooks that will allow us to aggregate information for the purpose of synthesizing knowledge. Interoperability implies communication; how we communicate something is very different than how we describe things. I should take a moment to clarify that the Ringgold ID is not a standard – not an ISO Certified standard, in any case, but in many cases, our data has become a defacto standard through application; some of you might be wondering what then constitutes a big “S” Standards – if any system uses a predefined taxonomy as an authority file to validate data (thereby achieving identify data entries for each and every instance it is needed) then a standard has been achieved. How data is exchanged is quite different than the data itself, and of course, standards may be applied to both. For my part, I’m going to talk about the data itself, not how it is exchanged– So, in terms of the data itself, what are we trying to standardize? Descriptions – the wrapper around highly unique content. More importantly, as an industry—as a species, really—we are creating data elements that can be interpreted by machines – I should say, easily interpreted by machines – I’ll come back to this topic near the end of my presentation.
- INTERNAL – Let’s look at your own ecosystem. Linking of data: Enable staff to use your data more efficiently, and keep the same view of an institution regardless of what system they are using. See overlaps and outliers when comparing two or more datasets. Example 1: Compare your fulfillment – active subscriber list – w your doc storage system, and see which subscribers have never submitted their license agreement.) Example 2: We’ve got a client that uses 3 systems to take and fulfill institutional subscriptions: CRM, authentication, and an accounting platform. Before linking these systems up with identifiers, there were disconnects that affected their clients: sometimes it was impossible to tell why the auth system was granting journal access to a particular institution – the access seemed unconnected to the payment.
- Loads of benefits: IF STANDARDS ARE INTEROPERABLE
- Bridge Identifier – this is an extremely important concept– there are identifiers, and there’s data… and while identifiers are data, not all identifiers operate or are maintained in the same way, and this is the important difference between and ISNI and a Ringgold ID.
- Mention that we are now board members (Laura).
- (ISNI straddles persons and institutions, so this will make a nice segue.) INTERNATIONAL STANDARD NAME IDENTIFIER, Iso standard. SCOPE: ISNI is meant to identify all things considered to be public parties, mostly which are creators of content, or otherwise appear in library & union catalogs (including fictional characters?). Typical records hold name variants, as you can see here. It is not limited to the scholarly or research sector, but covers all manner of popular authors, musicians, and contributors. (Original ISNI dataset was populated with VIAF records & other bibliographic sources like the Library of Congress and other international sources.) Our relationship: RIN is an ISNI registration agency, which means we will be working as a conduit for new record creation within our scope, which is primarily institutions in the scholarly supply chain. It is our plan to hold ISNIs for all institutions in our Identify database, and we are now we are working to ensure that all ISNI records which map to RINs are correct, and that we can achieve clean one to one matches. We are also working with them to create new ISNI IDs for insts in RIN, but that are not yet in ISNI. By mapping our database completely to theirs, we hope to put our clients at the starting line, so that our clients may maximize their supply chain linking.
- To look at a few specific records: Here’s an ISNI, but an institutional record rather than the personal record we saw earlier. Again, note all the name variants as they appear in library holdings records. I should mention that this record illustrates one of the biggest problems everyone is confronted with--- the Many-to-One (One “Golden Record” as one major publisher refers to their internal authorative record). Here we have many names for the same institution… all attributed to the 1 ISNI – this is not ulinke what Ringgold does– we have ‘alternate names’ for each Ringgold ID stored within the Identify database, and by the end of June, the ISNI names will also be linked to the Ringgold ID (mostly… there’s not a 100% 1|1 match between ISNI and Ringgold… that’s another story.