1. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
TOPIC 2 ELEMENTS, COMPOUNDS AND MIXTURES
ACTIVITIES
Mixtures are absolutely everywhere you look. Mixtures are the form for most
things in nature. Rocks, air, or the ocean, they are just about anything you
find. They are substances held together by physical forces, not chemical.
A mixture is a combination of substances in which the individual substances
keep their own properties. If you put sand into a glass of water, it is
considered to be a mixture. You can always tell a mixture because each of the
substances can be separated from the group in different physical ways. You
can always get the sand out of the water by filtering the water away.
There are two different types of mixtures. Chemists use the terms
heterogeneous and homogeneous. Homogeneous mixtures have one phase
and uniform composition. Solutions are great examples of homogeneous
mixtures; a solution is a mixture of solute and solvent. The solute is the
substance that dissolves; the solvent is the substance that does the
dissolving. Heterogeneous mixtures used to describe substances in which you
can see more than one colour or type of matter. Heterogeneous substances
have more than one phase and a no uniform composition. Mixing sand and
iron filings might create a heterogeneous mixture.
A pure substance contains only one substance and nothing else, distilled
water is an example. That fact means that there are just water molecules in
the liquid. A pure substance is a form of matter that has a definite composition
and specific properties. Any pure substance that contains only one kind of an
atom is known as an element: Fe(s), N2(g) ; a compound is formed when two
or more elements are chemically joined. Salt (NaCl), and sugar are examples
of compounds.
Physical processes separate mixtures of different compounds. Simple
physical separation might use the process of filtration, such as removing sand
from water; you can also use different boiling points and distillation.
Evaporation is used to obtain the solute from a solution and chromatography
is used to separate out one colour from a mixture of colours.
Chemical methods are used to change the atomic composition of compounds.
When chemical methods are used, you change the original ingredients and
the entire mixture changes.
Adapted from
http://www.chem4kids.com/files/matter_mixture.htm
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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2. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
1. Work in pairs. In the spaces provided, describe the distinguishing
characteristics of the major categories of matter.
MIXTURES
HOMOGENEOUS
MIXTURES
HETEROGENEOUS
MIXTURES
SOLUTIONS
ELEMENTS
COMPOUNDS
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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3. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
2. Complete the diagram with the following words: salt (NaCl), matter,
solution, iron (Fe), homogeneous, pure substance, oil+vinegar, air,
heterogeneous, compound, element.
3. Classify each of the following substances as; an element, a compound, a
solution, or a heterogeneous mixture.
1. Sand 2. Salt 3. Pure Water 4. Soil
5. Soda 6. Pure Air 7. Carbon
Dioxide
8. Gold
9. Bronze 10. Oxygen 11. Salad
Dressing
12. Salt Water
4. Complete the table with different processes to separate mixtures
PROCESS What it is used for Examples
Used for separating a solid from
a liquid
Separating SAND from water.
Used to obtain the solute from a
solution
for obtaining SALT from salty
water
Used to obtain the solvent from
a solution
for obtaining pure water from
sea water
Used to separate out one colour
from a mixture of colours
for separating out the colours in
black ink
HOMEWORK ON THE INTERNET
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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4. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
1. Welcome to the mixtures lab! Once you separate a mixture use the
chart to record your findings.
http://www.harcourtschool.com/activity/mixture/mixture.html
Mixtures Separation mechanism Physical properties that
allow separation
Sand and iron filings
Salad
Salt and water
Muddy water
Dust in air
2. Go to http://www.chem4kids.com/extras/quiz_mattermix/index.html
Answer questions from the quiz on mixtures, remember that you have to
justify your answer.
The first one is done as an example.
Question 1:
Mixtures are always combinations of the same compounds that are at
different states
False. You can make mixtures out of compounds that are different states of
matter and you can also make mixture out of compounds that are the same
state of matter
Question 2:
You can separate all mixtures by filtration.
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Question 4:
All mixtures are defined as "heterogeneous."
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Question 5:
Mixtures are generally separated by what methods?
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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5. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
Chemical
Physical
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Question 6:
Only specific compounds can be combined to form mixtures.
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Question 7:
All solutions are mixtures, but not all mixtures are solutions
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Question 9:
Which of these is not a mixture?
Solution
Alloy
Amalgam
These are all mixtures
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Question 10:
Which of these is not a mixture?
Oil and water
Sand and water
Coca Cola
All are mixtures
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COMPLEMENTARY ACTIVITIES
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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6. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
www.science-teachers.com/physical.htm
1 2 3 4
5
6
7
8 9
10 11
12 13 14
15 16
17
18
19 20 21
22 23
24
25
26
Across
5 He (6)
6 Ca (7)
8 O (6)
9 Fe (4)
10 Cu (6)
12 K (9)
15 Na (6)
16 Au (4)
18 H (8)
19 Be (9)
24 Cl (8)
25 S (7)
26 Ne (4)
Down
1 N (8)
2 Ni (6)
3 Al (9)
4 As (7)
7 Zn (4)
11 P (10)
12 Pu (9)
13 Ar (5)
14 Si (7)
17 F (8)
19 B (5)
20 Pb (4)
21 Hg (7)
22 Ag (6)
23 C (6)
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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7. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
www.science-teachers.com/physical.htm
Across
1 Isotope of hydrogen with
one neutron. (9)
6 When two atoms of
different elements
combine chemically,
what does it produce?
(7)
7 The lightest element. (8)
8 Elements that lend
electrons in chemical
reactions. (5)
9 A nuclear reaction in
which the nucleus of two
atoms combine to form
one nucleus. (6)
11 Helium, neon, argon, or
krypton. (5,3)
13 Where electrons reside
in the atom. (5)
15 The most common
isotope of carbon. (6,6)
16 The isotope of carbon
that is used for dating
things in archeology.
(6,8)
17 Elements that borrow
electrons in chemical
reactions. (8)
Down
2 An atom of an element with a different number of neutrons
in the nucleus. (7)
3 Unstable. (11)
4 Positively charged particle in the nucleus. (6)
5 The center of an atom. (7)
9 A nuclear reaction in which an atom's nucleus splits to
form two new atoms. (7)
10 Negatively charged particle. (8)
12 Isotope of hydrogen with two neutrons. (7)
14 Particle with no charge. (7)
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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8. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
Periodic Table of the Elements Quiz www.science-teachers.com/physical.htm
Fill in the blanks with the atomic
symbols of the first 20 elements.
And then write the element names
in the blanks below.
Key:
element name
atomic number
symbol
atomic weight
scandium
21
Sc
44.95591
titanium
22
Ti
47.867
vanadium
23
V
50.9415
chromium
24
Cr
51.9961
manganese
25
Mn
54.93805
iron
26
Fe
55.845
cobalt
27
Co
58.9332
nickel
28
Ni
58.6934
copper
29
Cu
63.546
zinc
30
Zn
65.409
gallium
31
Ga
69.723
germanium
32
Ge
72.64
arsenic
33
As
74.9216
selenium
34
Se
78.96
bromine
35
Br
79.904
krypton
36
Kr
83.798
rubidium
37
Rb
85.4678
strontium
38
Sr
87.62
yttrium
39
Y
88.90585
zirconium
40
Zr
91.225
niobium
41
Nb
92.90638
molybdenu
m
42
Mo
95.94
technetium
43
Tc
[98]
ruthenium
44
Ru
101.07
rhodium
45
Rh
102.9055
palladium
46
Pd
106.42
silver
47
Ag
107.8682
cadmium
48
Cd
112.411
indium
49
In
114.818
tin
50
Sn
118.710
antimony
51
Sb
121.760
tellurium
52
Te
127.60
iodine
53
I
126.9045
xenon
54
Xe
131.293
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
(16)
(17)
(18)
(19)
(20)
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
__________________
Hint: Al, Ar, B, Be, C, Ca, Cl, F, H, He, K, Li, Mg, N, Na, Ne, O, P, S, Si,
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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9. Name…………………………………………….
Date…………………………….
Periodic Table of the Elements www.science-teachers.com/physical.htm
hydrogen
1
H
1.00794
Key:
helium
2
He
4.002602
lithium
3
Li
6.941
beryllium
4
Be
9.012182
element name
atomic number
symbol
atomic weight
boron
5
B
10.811
carbon
6
C
12.0107
nitrogen
7
N
14.00674
oxygen
8
O
15.9994
fluorine
9
F
18.9984
neon
10
Ne
20.1797
sodium
11
Na
22.98977
magnesium
12
Mg
24.3050
aluminium
13
Al
26.981538
silicon
14
Si
28.0855
phosphorus
15
P
30.97376
sulphur
16
S
32.065
chlorine
17
Cl
35.453
argon
18
Ar
39.984
potassium
19
K
39.0983
calcium
20
Ca
40.078
scandium
21
Sc
44.95591
titanium
22
Ti
47.867
vanadium
23
V
50.9415
chromium
24
Cr
51.9961
manganese
25
Mn
54.93805
iron
26
Fe
55.845
cobalt
27
Co
58.9332
nickel
28
Ni
58.6934
copper
29
Cu
63.546
zinc
30
Zn
65.409
gallium
31
Ga
69.723
germanium
32
Ge
72.64
arsenic
33
As
74.9216
selenium
34
Se
78.96
bromine
35
Br
79.904
krypton
36
Kr
83.798
rubidium
37
Rb
85.4678
strontium
38
Sr
87.62
yttrium
39
Y
88.90585
zirconium
40
Zr
91.225
niobium
41
Nb
92.90638
molybdenu
m
42
Mo
95.94
technetium
43
Tc
[98]
ruthenium
44
Ru
101.07
rhodium
45
Rh
102.9055
palladium
46
Pd
106.42
silver
47
Ag
107.8682
cadmium
48
Cd
112.411
indium
49
In
114.818
tin
50
Sn
118.710
antimony
51
Sb
121.760
tellurium
52
Te
127.60
iodine
53
I
126.9045
xenon
54
Xe
131.293
caesium
55
Cs
132.90545
barium
56
Ba
137.327
lutetium
71
Lu
174.967
hafnium
72
Hf
178.49
tantalum
73
Ta
180.9479
tungsten
74
W
183.84
rhenium
75
Re
186.207
osmium
76
Os
190.23
iridium
77
Ir
192.217
platinum
78
Pt
195.078
gold
79
Au
196.96655
mercury
80
Hg
200.59
thallium
81
Tl
204.3833
lead
82
Pb
207.2
bismuth
83
Bi
208.980
polonium
84
Po
[209]
astatine
85
At
[210]
radon
86
Rn
[222]
francium
87
Fr
[223]
radium
88
Ra
[226]
lawrencium
103
Lr
[262]
rutherfordium
104
Rf
[261]
dubnium
105
Db
[262]
seaborgium
106
Sg
[266]
bohrium
107
Bh
[264]
hassium
108
Hs
[269]
meitnerium
109
Mt
[268]
darmstadtium
110
Ds
[271]
roentgenium
111
Rg
[272]
ununbium
112
Uub
[285]
ununquadiu
m
114
Uuq
[289]
lanthanum
57
La
138.9055
cerium
58
Ce
140.116
praseodymiu
m
59
Pr
140.90765
neodymium
60
Nd
144.24
promethium
61
Pm
[145]
samarium
62
Sm
150.36
europium
63
Eu
151.964
gadolinium
64
Gd
157.25
terbium
65
Tb
158.9253
dysprosium
66
Dy
162.50
holmium
67
Ho
164.930
erbium
68
Er
167.259
thulium
69
Tm
168.934
ytterbium
70
Yb
173.04
Felisa Pinilla Practical work in Chemistry
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