3. DEFINING GOALS
• Think about who your listeners are
• Determine your goals with the communication
• Consider what listeners expect
• Find out how much time you have
• Shorter is always better
• Enough to deliver the point
4. SCENERY
• Size of the audience
• Location of the presentation
• Equipment
5. AUDIENCE
• Smaller audiences are less formal
• Smaller audiences can take questions during the
presentation
• Larger audiences require more formality
• Questions should wait until the end of the
presentation for a large audience
6. LOCATION
• Fixed seating requires one type of presentation.
• Movable seating allows more flexibility
• Chairs in a circle – less formal
• Chairs in rows facing forward – more formal
8. SINGLE SOURCE
• Plan verbal and visual as parts of the same source
material
• Consider – people can only focus on one task
• Reading
• Listening
• Facebooking
• Graphics are easy to scan (“read”), thus can be
used at the same time.
9. GRAPHICS
• Allow for source material to be presented
• Provides interesting and engaging material
11. SCRIPTED TALK
• Written out and delivered word for word
• Allows you to work out exact phrasing
• Ideal for complex information
• Ideal for nervous presentation
• All your words are right in front of you
• Keep within a time limit
• Hard to sound natural
• Cannot alter in response to audience
12. OUTLINED TALK
• Prepare an outline of what you will say
• In the middle approach
• Flexible
• Can speed up, slow down, or eliminate material
• Ideal for small groups on familiar topics
• Requires familiarity with subject matter
• May be too flexible for beginning speakers
13. IMPROMPTU TALK
• Spur of the moment, no preparation
• Requires total familiarity with the subject
• Natural speaking style
• Small group
14. VISUAL MEDIUM
• Depends on what is available
• Computer Projection
• Overhead transparencies
• Chalkboard/Whiteboard
• Handouts
15. COMPUTER
• Polished slides
• Prepare slides quickly
• Expand media
• Need a dark room, kind of
• Slides cannot usually be altered during presentation
• Preparation can be time consuming
• Can detract from content
16. TRANSPARENCIES
• Can be made simply
• Widely available
• Can reorder slides as you give talk
• Look plain
• Can’t include other media
17. WHITEBOARD/CHALKBOARD
• Requires no preparation
• Very flexible
• Small meetings
• No media
• Delay presentation while you write
18. HANDOUTS
• Gives viewers a takeaway document
• Aids with note taking
• Can be distracting
• Requires preparation
• Cannot be changed after the fact
19. INTEGRATION PLANNING
• Your purpose and audience
• What the audience expects
• Your resources
• Slides use key words, you use sentences
20. FOCUS
• Focus on a few main points
• Listeners have difficulty focusing
• No more than twenty minutes
• Listeners cannot “flip back”
• Relevant points to listener needs
• Break down into points
21. SIMPLE STRUCTURE
• Introduction > Body > Conclusion
• Intro - Introduce the topic
• Intro - Explain relevance
• Intro - Forecast organization of the presentation
• Body - Present three or four main points
• Conclusion - Sum up your main points
• Conclusion - Identify next steps
• Conclusion - Take questions
22. SIGNALING THE STRUCTURE
• Forecast – tell what the structure will be
• Show a graphic that outlines the major parts
• Signal Transitions – Show a graphic for the next point
• Pause before beginning next topic
• Move about
• Slow pace
• Review – Best for the conclusion
23. CONVERSATIONAL STYLE
• Builds rapport
• When preparing – imaging the audience
• Use you and your
• Use personal pronouns
• Shorter, simple sentences
• Words listeners will understand
• Enthusiasm
• Gestures
24. MAKING GRAPHICS
• Large typeface
• Light background – dark letters (high contrast)
• Easy to read typeface
• Key words
• Bulleted lists
• Brief titles
• Consistent design
25. DISPLAYING GRAPHICS
• Only when you are talking about it
• Long enough for viewers to understand
• Explain key points
• Avoid reading
• Stand beside projections
26. INVOLVING AUDIENCE
• Eye contact
• Outline or script, look away briefly
• Focus on an individual
• Focus AROUND an individual
• Invite questions
• Give “takeaways”
• Business cards
• Handouts
27. PREPARING FOR INTERRUPTIONS
• Respond courteously
• Maintain good relations with the audience
• Even antagonistic audience members
• Mark a clear time for questions
• Speak to interruptions immediately, then return
28. REHEARSAL
• In front of people
• Delivery of key points
• Timing
• Rehearse with graphics
29. NERVES
• Accept it.
• Arrive early
• Relax before the talk
• Speak with audience before the presentation
• Everyone understands
• Use the energy
30. YOUR PRESENTATION
• 3 minute minimum – 5 minute maximum
• Progress Report
• Proposal and Research
• Possible directions
• Difficulty you’re having
• Interesting information you’ve found
31. WRITING ASSIGNMENT
• Script a short presentation to a classmate about
your favorite hobby.
• Tell your classmate about the following
• What is the hobby?
• How popular is it in North America?
• How popular is it worldwide?
• How did you find out about the hobby?
• What introduced you to it?
• How often do you engage in the hobby?
• Outline and write as much as you can of the
presentation until the end of class.
