The document provides an overview of quality assurance and software testing processes. It describes key concepts like requirements gathering, test planning, test case development, defect reporting, retesting and sign off. It also covers quality standards, software development life cycles, testing methodologies, documentation artifacts, and project management structures.

1. Quality Assurance
& Software Testing

2. What is Quality Assurance?
 Quality Control
 Planned Systematic Activities
 Monitoring of Processes
 ISO 9000 Standards
 CMM Level Standards
 Six Sigma Standards
 Measurement and Comparison with Standards

3. What is Software Testing?
 Requirement Gathering
 Requirement Analysis
 Sign Off Requirement
 Test Plan/ Strategy
 Preparing Test Cases
 Review and Freeze Test Cases
 Execution of Test Cases

4. What is Software Testing? (Contd.)
 Report the Bugs
 Fixing the Bugs
 Retest and Close the Bugs
 Prepare the Defect Summary Report
 Signoff QA

5. V&V
 Verification: Have we built the software right?
(i.e., does it match the specification).
 Validation: Have we built the right software?
(i.e., is this what the customer wants).

6. IT Project Team Structure
 Project Manager
 Development Manager
 Dev. Lead/ Module Lead/ Sr. Developers
 Developers
 Business Analyst
 Production Support Team
 Web/ Application Server Support Team
 Database Administrators
 Test Manager/ Lead
 Sr. QA Tester/ Sr. QA Analyst/ Sr. QA Engineer
 QA Tester/ QA Analyst/ QA Engineer

7. What is SDLC?
 SDLC: Software Development Life Cycle
Types of SDLC –
 Waterfall Model
 V Model
 Spiral Model etc.

8. Waterfall Model

9. V Model

10. Spiral Model

11. Software System Architecture
 Development Environment
 QA Environment
 UAT Environment
 Staging Environment
 Production Environment

12. Software System Architecture (Contd.)

13. Methods of Testing
Unit Testing: The primary goal of unit testing is to take the smallest piece of
testable software in the application, isolate it from the remainder of the
code, and determine whether it behaves exactly as you expect
Integration Testing: Integration testing is a logical extension of unit testing.
In its simplest form, two units that have already been tested are combined
into a component and the interface between them is tested.

14. Methods of Testing (Contd.)

15. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
Regression Testing: Regression testing is the process of testing changes to
computer programs to make sure that the older programming still works
with the new changes.
Functional Testing: Functional testing is a type of black box testing that
bases its test cases on the specifications of the software component under
test. Functions are tested by feeding them input and examining the
output, and internal program structure is not considered.
System Testing: System testing of software or hardware is testing
conducted on a complete, integrated system to evaluate the system's
compliance with its specified requirements. System testing falls within the
scope of black box testing, and as such, should require no knowledge of
the inner design of the code or logic.

16. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
System Integration Testing: System Integration Testing (SIT) is a testing
process that exercises a software system's coexistence with others. With
multiple integrated systems, assuming that each have already passed
system testing, SIT proceeds to test their required interactions
User Acceptance Testing: User Acceptance Testing is often the final step
before rolling out the application. Usually the end users who will be using
the applications test the application before ‘accepting’ the application.
Black- box Testing: Black-box testing is a method of software testing that
tests the functionality of an application as opposed to its internal
structures or workings. Specific knowledge of the application's code/
internal structure and programming knowledge in general is not required.

17. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
White- box Testing: White-box testing (also known as Clear box
Testing, Glass box Testing, Transparent box Testing and Structural Testing)
is a method of testing software that tests internal structures or workings of
an application, as opposed to its functionality (i.e. black-box testing). In
white-box testing an internal perspective of the system, as well as
programming skills, are used to design test cases. The tester chooses
inputs to exercise paths through the code and determine the appropriate
outputs.
Sanity Testing: Sanity testing is a quick test of the software build which
ensures the build is ready for a major testing effort.
Smoke Testing: Smoke testing is to test all major functionalities in the
application.

18. Methods of Testing (Contd.)

19. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
Business Process Testing: The Business Process Testing model is role-
based, allowing non-technical Subject Matter Experts (working in
Quality Center) to collaborate effectively with Automation Engineers
(working in Quick Test Professional). Subject Matter Experts define and
document business processes, business components, and business
process tests, while Automation Engineers define the required
resources and settings, such as shared object repositories, function
libraries, and recovery scenarios. Together, they can build, data-drive,
document, and run business process tests, without requiring
programming knowledge on the part of the Subject Matter Expert.

20. Methods of Testing (Contd.)
Backend/ Database Testing: Executing SQL statements to check if the
data submitted by a GUI program is updated in the database or not?
Backend testing is the testing the integration between the application
and the database. It is also checking the changes made in the database
is getting reflected in the application.
Example: A new column is added in the table. Here we test by giving
values in the application and value has to be stored in the table.
Exploratory Testing: Exploratory testing is a form of quality checking
that does not rely on test scripts. A tester is let loose on the system,
often with very little introduction, and they are encouraged to report
any and all issues they find.

21. S/W Configuration Management/
Version Control

22. S/W Configuration Management/
Version Control (Contd.)

23. Agile Methodology

24. QA Documentation
 BRD/ SRS/ SRD/ Requirements Document
 FDD/ FRS/ Functional Document
 TDD/ Technical Document
 Data Model/ Database Model
 Flow Charts/ Flow Diagrams
 Use Cases
 User Guides

25. Data Model Example 1

26. Data Model Example 2

27. Flow Chart Example 1

28. Flow Chart Example 2

29. Use Case Example

30. QA Artifacts
 Test Plan
 Test Scenarios
 Test Cases
 Test Steps
 Test Data
 Test Estimation
 Test Schedule
 Security/ Access/ Entitlement requirements

31. Entry/ Exit Criteria in a Test Plan
Examples of Entry Criteria:
 Testing Environment Established
 Approved Business Requirements
 Adequate Test data is available
 Test plans are completed
 Documented Test Cases and Results from prior test phase
 Completed and reviewed Test cases / Test scripts
 Access rights for the Testers were established
Examples of Exit Criteria:
 All items in scope was tested
 All test cases (100%) are executed: failed cases have a satisfactory resolution
 Defects were documented and reported
 All severity 1 (critical) and 2 (Major) defects are resolved and implemented
 Applicable sign-off on testing was obtained

32. Test Case/ Test Steps Concepts
 Pre-Conditions
 Business Rules
 Field Level Validations
 User Interface Validations
 Taking Screenshots
 System Error/ Exception Messages
 System / Confirmation Messages
 Boundary Value Analysis
 Equivalence Class Partisans

33. BVA/ ECP Example

34. Test Scenario/ Test Case/ Test Steps
Example 1
Scenario Cases Test Steps
Camera Features
1.
2.
Take a picture 3.
1.
2.
Modify a picture 3.
1.
2.
Save as - 2 options 3.
1.
2.
Send as attachment in Email 3.
1.
2.
Embed picture in Email 3.
1.
2.
Delete picture 3.

35. Test Scenario/ Test Case/ Test Steps
Example 2
Scenario Cases Test Steps
Email in Yahoo
1.
2.
Compose Email 3.
1.
2.
Reply to Sender 3.
1.
2.
Forward Email 3.

36. Traceability Matrix

37. Test Life Cycle

38. Bug Life Cycle

39. Project Plan Sample

40. Typical Project Cycle Example 1

41. Typical Project Cycle Example 2