The document discusses issues related to disability in Colombia such as high numbers of disabled people, victims of landmines, and lack of access to education, as well as initiatives to promote social entrepreneurship, universal design, and inclusive businesses that can help integrate people with disabilities. It provides statistics on disability in Colombia and outlines concepts like the ecosystem for supporting those with disabilities, profiles of social entrepreneurs, and principles of universal design that can make products and environments accessible to all.
1. By Karel Van Isacker
PhoenixKM, Belgium
karel@phoenixkm.eu
2. Some Colombian facts
At least 50 million disabled people in Latin America
& the Caribbean (LAC) or approximately 10
percent of the region’s population. (World Bank)
Conflict lasting over 50 years, combined with drug-
trafficking and a soaring crime rate caused by the
country’s gaping social inequalities.
More than 10,000 people were killed or maimed by
anti-personnel mines and explosive remnants of
war between 1990 and March 2013 - the second
highest rate in the world. - More than 1,000 victims
were children.
According to Unesco, some 4.5 million disabled
people live in Colombia
> 658,000 in the capital city, Bogota
10% are children aged 12-16
only 26% of them have the chance of going to
school
3. Education
Only about 20-30 percent of children with disabilities
are attending school in the region.
Poor attendance by disabled children derives from
severe lack of adequate transportation, teacher
training, equipment, furniture, learning materials, and
access to school infrastructure.
In addition to these visible barriers, impediments to
quality inclusive education also come from attitudinal
barriers.
4. Employability
The unemployment rate dropped under 10% of the
active population since 2011 and was 9.5% in 2013.
More than half of the Colombian people continue to
work in the informal sector.
See more at:
http://www.smetoolkit.org/smetoolkit/en/content/en/7
283/Colombia-Overview#sthash.eOKWUqPG.dpuf
5.
6. Ecosystem based on person led process of personal
development in case of disability
Education
Vocational
training
Employment
Life long learning +
career
Schools
Vocational
training
centres
Carers
Policy makers
Employers +
self
employment
AT/ICT/... training / Support needed
7.
8. Social entrepreneuring
Introducing social aspects within commercial
entrepreneurship:
Different elements of the ‘ecosystem’ for social
enterprises:
values in a mission statement of an enterprise,
the institutional form of a company (e.g. co-operatives),
the insertion of vulnerable groups and especially people with
disabilities,
the democratic decision making process,
the social impact measurement, and
the investment problems.
9. Profile of a social entrepreneur
The social entrepreneurs are more likely to be:
younger,
more highly educated, and
perceive legitimation of entrepreneurs in society
differently than their commercial counterparts.
(Sophie Bacq, Chantal Hartog, Brigitte Hoogendoorn,
Jan Lepoutre, June 2011)
10. Core aspects 1/2
Strategy:
the mission company will have to address also social
components such as e.g. defining that activities undertaken
by the company should be sustainable and contribute to the
wide society i.e. the social balance sheet of a company;
while the vision of a blended entrepreneurship will
encompass a social responsible yet commercial set of
activities to achieve an anticipated goal that has a social
impact on its environment.
Management:
Sustainable Leadership, Leadership Development and
democratic Decision Making are crucial to establishing
strategic leadership. However, embracing social elements
will be crucial to the successful uptake and in order to be in
line with the strategy that was set out.
11. Core aspects 2/2
Reporting (measuring):
While there is the traditional Financial reporting, there is also the
unlocking of Social Finance; Transparency; Corporate social
responsibility (CSR, or corporate conscience, corporate
citizenship or sustainable responsible business/ Responsible
Business); Social Impact (Financial wise, Impact on family,
Attitude change, …).
Legal:
An Introduction to Legal Structures; Social Franchising;
Cooperatives; Social purpose companies.
Tendering:
Writing successful bids with focus on social entrepreneurship and
ethics
HR:
Recruiting and Working environment; Subsidy
mechanism/policies; Assistance by relevant organisations
13. A recent UNESCO report affirms the role of engineering as
the driver of innovation and of social and economic
development, but emphasises the need to transform
engineering education, curricula and teaching methods to
emphasise relevance and a problem-solving approach to
various fields of engineering. User/human centred, co-
creation, societal role of engineering, ethical,
environmental, economical, legal … implications of
technology
15. Design for all can be realised via 3
strategies:
Design of products, services, public spaces suitable
for the majority of potential users without any
modifications.
Designing products that are easy to customize for
different users (e.g. By providing adaptable or
individual customized interfaces)
Designing products that have standardized
interfaces that allow to connect to specific
customized individual devices.
16. Origins
The term Universal Design was coined by Ronald L.
Mace, founder and former program director of The
Center for Universal Design at North Carolina State
University. In 1997 Ron Mace collaborated with a
group of architects, product designers, engineers
and environmental designers to develop the “Seven
Principles of Universal Design”.**
** http://www.universaldesign.com/about-universal-
design.html
17. Seven Principles of Universal Design
Equitable Use: The design is useful and marketable to people
with diverse abilities.
Flexibility In Use: The design accommodates a wide range of
individual preferences and abilities.
Simple And Intuitive Use: Use of the design is easy to
understand, regardless of the user’s experience, knowledge,
language skills, or current concentration level.
Perceptible Information: The design communicates
necessary information effectively to the user, regardless of
ambient conditions or the user’s sensory abilities.
Tolerance For Error: The design minimizes hazards and the
adverse consequences of accidental or unintended actions
Low Physical Effort: The design can be used efficiently and
comfortably and with a minimum of fatigue.
Size And Space For Approach And Use: Appropriate size
and space is provided for approach, reach, manipulation, and
use regardless of user’s body size, posture, or mobility
18.
19. Everyone should be
the beneficiary of the
design regardless of
age, status and ability.
In the picture powered
doors that close and
open on sensors can
be used both by a
wheelchair bound
person and by
someone that has his
hands full.
20. The design should take
into consideration the
abilities and
preferences.
In the picture, a pair of
scissor with a large grip
handles can be used
by any one whether he
is left or right handed
without
any inconvenience.
21. The design and devise is user friendly. It is easy to
understand, uses a standard way of presentation, and does
not require a special skills, level of education , language and
experience. In the picture, the fire alarm uses a push button
that is standard and color red. Even a child can understand
that it is a panic button.
22. The design should be able to show potential users the most
important information that will lead to the effective use of the
product, device or environment. Information should be made
accessible regardless of the sensory capabilities of the user.
In the picture above a blind individual can use the
cellphone's keypad because of the bump on the pad that will
enable the user without looking at the keypad.
23. The design has a high
tolerance for mistakes. The
idea behind this principle is
safety precaution. It minimizes
hazards and the adverse
consequences of accidental or
unintended actions. The
design has a built in safety
measures in terms of careless
or forgetfulness.
In the picture a nail gun
requires to activate the safety
button before pulling the
trigger thereby removing the
risk of accidents while the gun
is pointed somewhere else.
24. The design should bear in
mind that the user needs to
exert the most minimum
effort for a device to
function. This principle
allows both the strong and
the weak in stature to enjoy
the benefit of a Universal
Design. Comfort and ease of
use is the driving force
behind this principle.
In the picture a door level is
presented that does not
require grip strength. A close
fist or an elbow can open the
door.
25. The size and space should not be constraint. Ease of
access should be the desired goal targeting space
provided for approach, reach, controls and manipulation
regardless of the body size, posture or mobility of user. In
this picture subway gates is easily accessible by a person
in a wheelchair or with a person carrying huge baggage or
even with an obese commuter.
26. User centred design vs. Design for
all
Specific solution versus a fit for all
http://blog.syncronia.com/wp-content/uploads/2012/02/sito.jpg
28. In the end, who do we work
(design, develop, ..)for?
29. Various domains
Building sector
Open flat spaces as wheelchair handy but also as a
design element
Kitchens accessible to all, young, old and disabled
Public spaces
38. Various domains
Social profit and building
Sheltered workshops
Health services
Childcare facilities
Rehabilitation centres
Elderly houses
Hospitals
Independent living
39. Accessibility of the built
environment: multifaceted
Management - Access handbook, access and safety,
management responsibilities
External Environment - car parking, routes, ramps, steps and
doors
Vertical and Horizontal Circulation - steps and stairs, lifts,
corridors and internal doors
Facilities - reception, toilets, seating areas, changing rooms,
restaurants and refreshment machines
Interior Design - lighting, colour and contrast, fixtures
Evacuation - emergency equipment, alarms, signage,
evacuation equipment, evacuation plans
Communication Facilities - signage, telephones, tactile
features, acoustics
40. Design specifications for a railway
station (sample)
Accentuate through color and lighting the main
destinations at the station, especially the different levels
and the entrances and exits.
Accentuate through color and lighting the main
pedestrian flows at the station.
Concentrate and highlight the signposts at the elevation
points.
Always Locate facilities at a similar spot (toilet, etc.)
Adjust lighting for (stair) handrails.
Locate information low, at an angle of 20 degrees and
apply anti-reflective glass.
51. Personas
Range of personas that can assist
designers/developers
Freely available at:
http://atlec-project.eu/wp-
content/uploads/2014/04/D.3.2-ATLEC-Training-
courses-UK-Full-course.pdf - see annex 1
52. Persona example Profile:
Name: Jackie Dough
Age: 17
Location: Lincoln, UK
Marital status: Single
Job: Student
Impairment: Developmental verbal dyspraxia
As a result of DVD, she has difficulty in voluntarily making
speech sounds and stringing these sounds together in the
correct order to make words. Many people who see and hear
her think she has an intellectual impairment; however, DVD is
categorised as a speech disorder. She is also somewhat
awkward in her movements as DVD also affects her gross
motor coordination which, in turn, affects her walking and
running capabilities. This results in poor balance (sometimes
even falling over in mid-step) and tripping over her own feet.
53. Good resources
http://designforall.org/: Design for All Foundation
collects and disseminates Universal Design/Design
for All Good Practices and knowledge around the
world
http://www.designforalleurope.org/: Design for All
Europe is the joint European platform for social
planners, architects, designers
54. Different management / leadership
styles
The most important asset in your company is:
Human Capital
followed by
Unique Knowledge
55. Strategic Leaders Visionary Leaders Managerial Leaders
• synergistic
combination of
managerial and
visionary leadership
• emphasis on ethical
behaviour and value-
based decisions
• oversee operating
(day-to-day) and
strategic (long-term)
responsibilities
• formulate / implement
strategies for
immediate impact and
preservation of long-
term goals to enhance
organisational survival,
growth, viability
• are proactive, shape
ideas, change the way
people think about
what is desirable,
possible, and
necessary
• work to develop
choices, fresh
approaches to long-
standing problems;
work from high-risk
positions
• are concerned with
ideas, relate to people
in intuitive and
empathetic ways
• are reactive; adopt
passive attitude
towards goals; goals
arise out of
necessities, not
desires and dreams;
goals based on past
• view work as an
enabling process
involving some
combination of ideas
and people interacting
to establish strategies
• relate to people
according to their roles
in the decision-making
process
56. Strategic Leaders Visionary Leaders Managerial Leaders
• have strong, positive
expectations of
performance they
expect from their
superiors, peers,
subordinates,
themselves
• use strategic / financial
controls, emphasis on
strategic controls
• use, and interchange,
tacit and explicit
knowledge on
individual and
organisational levels
• use linear and
nonlinear thinking
patterns
• feel separate from their
environment; work in,
but do not belong to,
organisations; sense of
who they are does not
depend on work
• influence attitudes and
opinions of others
within the organisation
• concerned with
insuring future of
organisation,
especially through
development and
management of people
• see themselves as
conservators and
regulators of existing
order; sense of who
they are depends on
their role in
organisation
• influence actions and
decisions of those with
whom they work
• involved in situations
and contexts
characteristic of day-
to-day activities
• concerned with, and
more comfortable in,
functional areas of
responsibilities
57. Strategic Leaders Visionary Leaders Managerial Leaders
• believe in strategic
choice, that is, their
choices make a
difference in their
organisations and
environment
• more embedded in
complexity, ambiguity
and information
overload; engage in
multifunctional,
integrative tasks
• know less than their
functional area experts
• more likely to make
decisions based on
values
• more willing to invest in
innovation, human
capital, and creating
and maintaining an
effective culture to
ensure long-term
viability
• expert in their
functional area
• less likely to make
value-based decisions
• engage in, and
support, short-term,
least-cost behaviour to
enhance financial
performance figures
• focus on managing the
exchange and
combination of explicit
knowledge and
ensuring compliance to
standard operating
procedures
• utilise linear thinking
58. Strategic Leaders Visionary Leaders Managerial Leaders
• focus on tacit
knowledge and
develop strategies as
communal forms of
tacit knowledge that
promote enactment of
a vision
• utilise nonlinear
thinking
• believe in strategic
choices that make a
difference in their
organisations and
environment
• believe in determinism,
that is, the choices
they make are
determined by their
internal and external
environments
59. The Functions of a Strategic Leader
A strategic leader has three broad functions:
Achieving the common task
Building and maintaining the team
Motivating and developing the individual
For this the strategic leader needs following role functions:
Purpose/vision
Strategic thinking and planning
Operational / administration
Organisation fitness to situational requirement
Energy, morale, confidence, spirit
Allies and partners, stakeholders, political
Teaching and leading the learning by example
60. Focusontheperformer
Employee is capable, but
attitude/motivation issues may
arise
RELATE
Leader focuses on the person
Employee has low to medium
capability, also
attitude/motivation issues
COACH
Leader focuses on person and work
combined
Leader increases independence,
may increase responsibility too
DELEGATE
Employee has high capacity (both
capable and motivated)
Leader focuses on the task
INSTRUCT
Employee has to low to medium
capability, but good attitude
LO
W
Focus on the performance
LOW HIGH
61. What kind of a leader do you
want to be?
Start with yourself: who are
you?
Think about the needs of the
organisation or initiative
Observe and learn from
other leaders
Believe in what you're doing
Be prepared to change
Use the research on
leadership
62.
63.
64.
65.
66. In doubt?
Share thoughts with like minded people
Talk with “anciens” and get a mentor
67. Some references
Strategy training - STeP project:
www.step.ybu.edu.tr
Social entrepreneurship: contact
karel@phoenixkm.eu
Community service engineering – postgraduate
course in Belgium (Thomas More / KUL):
http://associatie.kuleuven.be/gezamenlijke-
opleidingen/cse/folder_contents
68. My contact details
PhoenixKM BVBA - Mr. Karel Van Isacker
Projects & Business Developer
Amersveldestraat 189, 8610 Kortemark
BELGIUM
Mobile: (B) +32 496 334056
E-Mail: karel@phoenixkm.eu
Skype: karel.phoenixkm
URL: www.phoenixkm.eu
70. Let’s analyse some situations
What things work well and what things work poorly in
the situations being evaluated relative to complying
with the 7 principles of universal design?
Make recommendations for improvements. How
might the design be modified to better comply?