Allen: Engaging Students in Medical Law and Ethics PPT
1. Health Law & Medical Ethics
for Healthcare Professionals
James F. Allen Jr. RN, BSN, MBA/HCM, JD
2. Objectives
1. Describe three different teaching
techniques that can be used to teach
law and ethics.
2. Discuss whether ethics can be taught,
learned, or changed.
3. List three teaching strategies that can
be incorporated into teaching law and
ethics.
4. Provide an example of teaching tips to
avoid while teaching law and ethics.
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5. Medical Terminology
Legal Terminology
What is Crohn’s disease?
An eponym named after the doctor
who discovered it.
Medicine changed from eponyms to
medical terminology.
The law is trying to do the same thing,
simplify the language process.
6. Medical Legal Terminology
Let’s see if we can do the same thing.
◦ Can anyone give me a definition of
negligence?
◦ What do you think negligence is?
7. Negligence
What is Negligence?
◦ Can anyone give me a definition of
negligence?
Either know it, or they don’t
Verifies knowledge
Can reward or alienate
◦ What do you think negligence is?
Actively Engages
Encourages Interactivity
Emphasizes Learning by Teaching
Allows students to make mistakes ?????????
9. Negligence
What is Negligence?
◦ Can anyone give me a definition of
negligence?
Either know it, or they don’t
Verifies knowledge
Can reward or alienate
◦ What do you think negligence is?
Actively Engages
Encourages Interactivity
Emphasizes Learning by Teaching
Allows students to make mistakes ?????????
10. Negligence
When a person has a duty, and then
breaches that duty; that breach is
what caused the damages.
Damages that are caused by a breach
of duty.
11. Negligence Walkthrough
Damages that are caused by a breach of
duty
◦ Damages ◦ Duty
◦ Caused By ◦ Breach
◦ Breach ◦ Damages
◦ Duty ◦ Causation
12. The Prescription
Mr. Jones has high blood pressure.
The doctor wanted him to start on Lisinopril.
Goes to office to write Rx
Gets an emergency call, leaves office
Hours later….
Patty is an CMA in the doctor’s office.
Patty goes to office, see’s Rx, matches what is in the
medical records
But, it does not have Mr. Jones name on it.
Patty writes Mr. Jones name on it and gives it to him
Mr. Jones has an allergic reaction
Was Patty Negligent?
13. Negligence Walkthrough
Damages that are caused by a breach of
duty
◦ Duty ◦ Did Patty have a Duty?
◦ Breach ◦ Did Patty Breach that duty?
◦ Damages ◦ Did Mr. Jones have Damages
◦ Causation ◦ Did the breach Cause
damages?
16. What is Ethics?
What do you think ethics is?
When are ethics learned?
Do students have their ethics solidified
by the time they reach the classroom?
Can a person change their concept of
ethics?
17. When are Ethics Learned?
Erickson’s Psycho-Social Development
◦ Birth – 18m Trust vs. Mistrust
◦2–3 Autonomy vs. Shame and
Doubt
◦3–5 Initiative vs. Guilt
◦ 6 – 11 Industry vs. Inferiority
◦ 12 – 18 Identity vs. Role
Confusion
◦ 19 – 40 Intimacy vs. Isolation
◦ 40 – 65 Generativity vs.
Stagnation
18. Can Ethics Change?
What do you think?
Can a person change their ethics
(concept of right and wrong)?
Kohlberg
◦ Pre-Conventional stage
◦ Conventional Stage
◦ Post-conventional stage
19. Kohlberg Ethical
Development
Pre-Conventional stage (childhood)
◦ What authority figures say
What is Something that is Right
Why is Something Wrong?
Because Mommy and Daddy say it is
◦ What the punishment is
I’ll get spanked if I do something wrong
20. Kohlberg Ethical
Development
Conventional Stage (adolescence)
◦ What their family taught them
Parents
Relatives
◦ What their friends think
Group
Peers
Social Circles
Some remain at this level
21. Kohlberg Ethical
Development
Post-conventional stage (adulthood)
◦ Right and wrong from a universal
viewpoint
◦ Take everyone’s interests into account
What promotes the universal ideas of justice,
human rights, or human welfare
22. Case Study
1. A couple, medically unable to conceive, choose
artificial insemination.
2. Parents are a lesbian couple in a long-term
relationship
3. Both lesbians are deaf (one from birth, the other from
an accident).
4. Chose a homosexual male, to act as the sperm donor.
5. The homosexual sperm donor has been deaf since
birth.
6. Their careful choice was made in the hopes of having:
◦ a genetically deaf child, and
◦ hopefully having a child that was homosexual
7. Child protective services took the child away and
placed it up for adoption.
Ethics Case Study: Sharon Duchesneau and Candy McCullough
23. Teaching Techniques
Is Teaching like Acting?
◦ Drama
◦ Comedy
◦ Love Story
◦ Musicals
◦ Mystery
◦ Science Fiction
24. Teaching and Acting
Tell A Story
1. Be Brief
2. Use Story Twists
3. Work The Crowd
4. Act Out the Characters
5. Leave the story with a BANG
25. Tell A Story
Tell A Story
1. Be Brief
2. Use Story Twists
The Walkthrough
3. Work The Crowd
4. Act Out the Characters
5. Leave the story with a BANG
26. The Prescription
Mr. Jones has high blood pressure.
The doctor wanted him to start on Lisinopril.
Goes to office to write Rx
Gets an emergency call, leaves office
Hours later….
Patty is an CMA in the doctor’s office.
Patty goes to office, see’s Rx, matches what is in the medical
records
Patty goes to the office and looks at Mr. Jones medical
records. The medical records says the Dr. wanted to start
him on Lisinopril
Patty writes a Rx for Mr. Jones for Lisinopril
Mr. Jones has an allergic reaction
Was Patty Negligent?
27. Negligence Walkthrough
Damages that are caused by a breach of
duty
◦ Duty ◦ Did Patty have a Duty?
◦ Breach ◦ Did Patty Breach that duty?
◦ Damages ◦ Did Mr. Jones have Damages
◦ Causation ◦ Did the breach Cause
damages?
28. Tell A Story
Tell A Story
1. Be Brief
2. Use Story Twists
3. Work The Crowd
Ever had a teacher that you didn’t care for?
Allows you to launch into a story you were
going to tell anyways
4. Act Out the Characters
5. Leave the Story with a BANG!
29. Work the Crowd
What Problems Have You
Encountered with Teaching?
◦ Teaching students you have, instead of
what you wish you had.
“We cannot change the cards we were dealt,
but have to play the hand we were given.”
30. Tell A Story
Tell A Story
1. Be Brief
2. Use Story Twists
3. Work The Crowd
4. Act Out the Characters
The Nervous System?
5. Leave the Story with a BANG!
31. Tell A Story
Tell A Story
1. Be Brief
2. Give Details
3. Use Story Twists
4. Work The Crowd
5. Act Out the Characters
6. Leave the Story with a BANG!