Presentation on Mac Flecknoe. Imagery. Figures of Speech. Style and Criticism

2. Imagery
Figures of Speech
Style
Criticism

3. Image
a picture that you have in your mind, especially about what someone
or something is like or the way they look.
old man with the blue guitar.
Imagery
bright descriptive language that appeals to one or more of the
senses.
‘the old man firmly placed the white boiled potato, steaming still on a
green banana leaf and wrapped with a creeping sound to plant as
per the monkey’.
“The train moved away so slowly, butterflies blew in and out of the
windows.“

4. 1. Visual imagery .
Pertains to sight and helps the reader to picture events and objects.
It was dark and dim in the tall thick forest.
The word ‘dark’ and ‘dim’ are visual image.
2. Olfactory imagery .
Describes odors and evokes the sense of smell.
“My sisters shoe smells like a rotten cheese”
The word rotten cheese evoke our sense of smell.
3. Auditory imagery.
Relates to sound.
The children were screaming and shouting in the class.
‘Screaming’ and ‘shouting’ appeal to our sense of hearing or auditory
sense.
4. Tactile imagery.
Pertains to the sensation of touch and texture.
The girl ran her hand on the soft woolen yathra Jacket. The idea of
‘soft’ in this example appeals to our sense of touch.

5. 5. Organic imagery.
Focuses on bodily feelings such as exhaustion, hunger,
thirst, fatigue fear and sickness.
"He was completely drained of energy, his knees buckling
from carrying his own weight and eyes drooping from
exhaustion."
6. Gustatory imagery
Refers to a taste.
Dorji was picking lemon and ate lemon right from the tree,
the sour juice filling his mouth and running down his chin.
7. Kinesthetic imagery
Describes movement.
"His body moved fluidly throughout the obstacle course”.

6. to convey a sense of scenes and characters.
as a support tool to enhance description.
to engage the reader on a deeper level with their writing.
to involve the reader to the kind of level where they imagine
themselves right there within the scene.
to make the work more enjoyable and interesting to read.

7. All human things are subject to decay (line 1) Olfactory imagery (Smell)
Thoughtless as monarch oaks, that shade the plain. (line 27) Visual
imagery
The treble squeaks for fear, the basses roar- Auditory imagery (Sound)
Where unfledg’d actors learn to laugh and cry- (line. 76) …………..
On his left hand twelve reverend owls did fly. (line 129) Kinesthetic
imagery (Movement) and …………..
The sire then shook the honours of his head (line 134) Kinesthetic
imagery (Movement)
Like mine thy gentle numbers feebly creep (line 197) Kinesthetic
imagery (Movement)

8. Nature's Way
Upon a nice mid-spring day,
Let's take a look at Nature's way,
Breathe the scent of nice fresh air,
Feel the breeze within your hair.
The grass will poke between your toes,
Smell the flowers with your nose,
Clouds form shapes within the skies,
And light will glisten from your eyes.
Hear the buzzing of the bees,
Climb the tallest willow trees,
Look across the meadow way,
And you shall see a young deer play.
Pick the daisies as they grow,
Watch a gentle cold stream flow,
Know the sounds of water splash,
Catch its glimmer in a flash.
When altogether all seems sound,
Lay yourself upon the ground,
Take a moment to inhale,
And listen to Nature tell her tale.
Olfactory : the scent of nice fresh air
Tactile: the breeze within your hair
Olfactory: the flowers with your nose
Auditory: the buzzing of the bees
Visual: a gentle cold stream flow
1. Visual Imagery (sight)
2. Olfactory Imagery (Smell)
3. Auditory Imagery (Sound)
4. Tactile Imagery (Touch)
5. Gustatory Imagery (Taste)
6. Organic Imagery (Bodily Feelings)
7. Kinesthetic Imagery (Movement)

9. Figures of Speech
Expression in which the words are not used in
their literal meaning.
designated to portray an idea more clearly or
more interestingly.

10. Alliteration: The use of the same consonant or of a Vowel at the beginning of
each word or each stressed syllable in a line of verse.
Consonance: repetitive sounds produced by consonants within a sentence
or phrase.
-Fair is foul, and foul is fair, Hover through the fog and filthy air. –Macbeth
Assonance : two or more words close to one another repeat the same
vowel sound but start with different consonant sounds.
-The rain in Spain falls mainly in the plain.
Anaphora: In writing or speech, the deliberate repetition of the words at the
beginning of two or more successive verse, clause or sentences in order to
achieve an artistic effect.
-Every day, every night, in every way, I am getting better and better”
Euphemism: word or phrase that replaces a word or phrase to make it more
polite or pleasant.
-Passed away instead of died.
Hyperbole: uses exaggeration for emphasis or effect.
-Ages have passed since I last saw you.
Irony: using words where the meaning is opposite of their usual meaning.
-The Titanic was said to be unsinkable.

11. Metaphor: compares two unlike things or ideas.
-"life is a tale, told by an idiot, full of sound and fury, signifying nothing"-
Macbeth
Onomatopoeia: The use of words that imitate the sounds associated with
the objects or actions they refer to.
-"Bang! went the pistol,
Oxymoron: a figure of speech in which apparently contradictory terms
appear in conjunction.
-Parting is such sweet sorrow- Shakespeare
Personification: giving human qualities to non-living things or ideas.
-the flowers danced in a gentle breeze.
Simile: comparing two unlike things by using words such as , ‘as’ or ‘like’.
-Dorji is as funny as a monkey. My love is like a red, red rose.
Understatement: said to make something appear less important or less
serious.
I won’t say it was delicious - referring to terrible food

12. Alliteration
Worn out with business, did at length debate (line 9)
To settle the succession of the State (line 10)
Anaphora
Shadewell alone my perfect image bears, (line 15)
Mature in dullness from his tender years. (line 16)
Shadewell alone, of all my sons, is he (line 17)
Hyperbole
And torture one poor word ten thousand ways (line 208)
Metaphor
But Shadwell’s genuine night admits no ray, (line 23)
Personification
The treble squeaks for fear, the basses roar (line 32)
Simile
Thoughtless as monarch oaks, that shade the plain (line 27)

13. Love is a dream
Love is a dream
Its gone as we wake up
Leaving some moments
To be cherished
Love is like a wind
It embraces us with passion
leaving the scent of fresh flowers
tingling our mind
Love is like a water bubble
Beautiful to see from far
Even rainbows are visible
But a tender touch will break it
Leaving a refreshing sprinkle….

14. Mock-Epic /Comic-Epic
Mock.
Slightly formal to laugh at someone,
often by copying them in a funny but unkind way.
Moc-Epic/Comic Epic.
Form of satire that adapts the elevated heroic style of the classical epic
poem to a trivial subject.
Satire. technique employed by writers to expose and criticize foolishness
and corruption of an individual or a society by using humor, irony,
exaggeration or ridicule.
It intends to improve humanity by criticizing its follies and foibles.

15. Epic
-Long narrative poem on great and serious subject, related in an
elevated style.
-Centered on a heroic figure on whose actions depends the fate of a
tribe, a nation, or the human race.
-Gods and demons often intervene in the action, either by helping or
hindering the hero.
-The poem begins in the middle of the action.
-The poet states his theme early in the poem.
-A muse is invoked to provide inspiration.
-Epic always provides a moral.

16. Critics like J.C. Collins and George Thorn Drury are of the view that much
of the satire in Mac Flecknoe is undoubtedly unjust. Dryden has become in
presenting Shadwell in Mac Flecknoe. He was not a confirmed dullard as
Dryden says him; though he was not a great poet, he was the comic
dramatist of some repute.
But for a student of literature, poem is a perfect piece in the pile of English
literature for its uniformity, precision, regularity artistic and literariness.
Sure (Dryden) goes a little too far in calling me the dullest, and has no more
reason for that than for giving me the Irish name of Mack, when he knows I
never saw Ireland till I was three and twenty years old, and was there but
for four months. –Shadewell’s reaction to MacFlecknoe.
Ian Jack said that MacFlecknoe is not only a satire, its also a comedy.