2. AGENDA
Introduction to LT & GPS
Necessity of technology
Architecture and design
Functionality
Utilities and Applications
Drawbacks of GPS
3. INTRODUCTION
GPS tracking means to trace something or
someone with the Global Positioning System.
System
The GPS consists of a set of 24 operational
satellites and land-based control stations.
The system was designed for and is operated by
the U. S. military, owned by the US Department
of Defense (DOD).
Since 1994 the Global Positioning System has
been available for civilian use at no cost.
By using GPS satellites, local land-based
networks and wireless radio signals LT will find
you, wherever you are.
5. NECESSITY OF TECHNOLOGY
Department of Defense were facing challenges to increase
security of the US.
During emergencies we require immediate tracking of
important people.
Logistic companies need tracing of their fleet for reliable
operations.
Personal valuables vehicles and goods when stolen or lost
were not easier to locate.
8. SPACE SEGMENT
The space segment consists of 27 Earth-orbiting satellites (24 in
operation and three extras in case one fails).
Each in its own orbit 20,200 kilometers above the Earth.
Orbit the earth in 12 hours.
There are six orbital planes with nominally four satellites in each,
equally spaced (60 degrees apart).
This constellation provides the user with between five to eight
satellites visible (with respect to communication) from any point
on the earth.
10. CONTROL SEGMENT
Monitor HAWAII
station
Monitor
KWAJALEIN
Master control station
Station
Monitor
DIEGO GARCIA
station
COLORADO
Monitor
ASCENSION ISLAND
station
11. CONTROL SEGMENT
The Control Segment consists of a system of tracking stations
located around the world.
One Master Control station and four monitor stations.
The Master Control unit, located at Schriever Air Force Base in
Colorado, is responsible for overall management of the remote
monitoring and transmission sites.
The 4 Monitor Stations are unmanned stations located around the
world (Hawaii and Kawajalein in the Pacific Ocean; Diego Garcia
in the Indian Ocean; Ascension Island in the Atlantic Ocean. They
track up to 11 satellites twice a day.
13. USER SEGMENT
The user segment consists of GPS-receivers,
located in cars, planes or even in GPS collars for
wildlife.
Handheld
They can be as small as a mobile phone.
Biosensor
14. FUNCTIONALITY
GPS receiver has to know two things:
The location of at least three satellites above you.
The distance between you and each of those satellites
A GPS receiver's job is to locate three or more GPS satellites,
figure out the distance to each, and use this information to deduce
its own location.
This operation is based on a simple mathematical principle called
trilateration.
16. EXPLANATION (Trilateration)
Satellite 1
200 km
100 km
Satellite 2
Satellite 2 detect the receiver with in the radius of 200 km
17. EXPLANATION (Trilateration)
50 km
Satellite 3
200 km
Satellite 1
100 km
Satellite 2
Satellite 3 detect the receiver with in the radius of 50 km
18. EXPLANATION (Trilateration)
50 km
Satellite 3
200 km
Satellite 1
Satellite 2
100 km
The intersection point of these three circles will be the exact location of Target
19. UTILITES & APPLICATION
Vehicle Fleet Tracking
GPS Single Vehicle Tracking
GPS Data Logging
Real Time Tracking
27. Military Application
Military GPS user equipment has been
integrated into fighters, bombers, tankers,
helicopters, ships, submarines, tanks, jeeps,
and soldiers' equipment.
In addition to basic navigation activities,
military applications of GPS include target
designation of cruise missiles and precision-
guided weapons and close air support.
To prevent GPS interception by the enemy,
the government controls GPS receiver
exports
GPS satellites also can contain nuclear
detonation detectors.
28. Civilian Application
Automobiles are often equipped GPS
receivers.
– They show moving maps and
information about your position
on the map, speed you are
traveling, buildings, highways,
exits etc.
– Some of the market leaders in
this technology are Garmin and
Tom Tom, not to mention the
built in GPS navigational
systems from automotive
manufacturers.
29. Civilian Application
For aircraft, GPS provides
– Continuous, reliable, and accurate positioning
information for all phases of flight on a global
basis, freely available to all.
– Safe, flexible, and fuel-efficient routes for
airspace service providers and airspace users.
– Potential decommissioning and reduction of
expensive ground based navigation facilities,
systems, and services.
– Increased safety for surface movement
operations made possible by situational
awareness.
30. Civilian Application
Agriculture
– GPS provides precision soil
sampling, data collection, and data
analysis, enable localized variation
of chemical applications and
planting density to suit specific
areas of the field.
– Ability to work through low
visibility field conditions such as
rain, dust, fog and darkness
increases productivity.
31. Civilian Application
Disaster Relief
– Deliver disaster relief to impacted areas faster, saving lives.
– Provide position information for mapping of disaster regions
where little or no mapping information is available.
– Example, using the precise position information provided by
GPS, scientists can study how strain builds up slowly over time
in an attempt to characterize and possibly anticipate
earthquakes in the future.
32. DRAWBACKS OF GPS
System are very costly and required professional experience.
A stolen object can’t be traced out if Receiver is switched off or
facing power failure.
Position of the receiver can’t be traced if kept under high EM
insulation.
The drawbacks to GPS are that it requires a minimum of 4-5
satellites in order to give accurate locations.
The Hijacker is not guaranteed to catch.
