1. Materials and methods of
construction
What is a Green Material?
This is a question, and cannot be separated from the question of how we can reduce the use of
materials. In a sense, they are two articulations of the same dilemma: how to understand, revalue and
reorganize flows in the economy.
A green material is one that simultaneously does the most with the least, fits most harmoniously
within ecosystem processes, helps eliminate the use of other materials and energy, and contributes to the
attainment of a service-based economy.
What Is the Definition of Green Building?
Green building uses construction practices and materials that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient
from the design phase through to maintenance, and ideally to renovation and deconstruction as well .
Benefits
According to the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, green buildings use energy, water and other resources
more efficiently; protect occupant health and improve employee productivity; and reduce waste, pollution and
environmental degradation

3. Poperties of green building materials
Siting and structure design efficiency
The foundation of any construction project is rooted in the concept and design stages. The concept stage, in fact, is one of the major steps in a
project life cycle, as it has the largest impact on cost and performance. In designing environmentally optimal buildings, the objective is to
minimize the total environmental impact associated with all life-cycle stages of the building project. However, building as a process is not as
streamlined as an industrial process, and varies from one building to the other, never repeating itself identically. In addition, buildings are much
more complex products, composed of a multitude of materials and components each constituting various design variables to be decided at the
design stage. A variation of every design variable may affect the environment during all the building's relevant life-cycle stages.
Energy efficiency
Green buildings often include measures to reduce energy consumption – both the embodied energy required to extract, process, transport and
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install building materials and operating energy to provide services such as heating and power for equipment .
As high-performance buildings use less operating energy, embodied energy has assumed much greater importance – and may make up as much as 30% of the
overall life cycle energy consumption. Studies such as the U.S. LCI Database Project show buildings built primarily with wood will have a lower embodied
energy than those built primarily with brick, concrete or steel.
To reduce operating energy use, high-efficiency windows and insulation in walls, ceilings, and floors increase the efficiency of the building envelope, (the
barrier between conditioned and unconditioned space). Another strategy, passive solar building design, is often implemented in low-energy homes. Designers
orient windows and walls and place awnings, porches, and trees to shade windows and roofs during the summer while maximizing solar gain in the winter. In
addition, effective window placement (daylighting) can provide more natural light and lessen the need for electric lighting during the day. Solar water heating
further reduces energy costs.
Onsite generation of renewable energy through solar power, wind power, hydro power, or biomass can significantly reduce the environmental impact of the
building. Power generation is generally the most expensive feature to add to a building.
Water efficiency
Reducing water consumption and protecting water quality are key objectives in sustainable building. One critical issue of water consumption is that in many areas, the
demands on the supplying aquifer exceed its ability to replenish itself. To the maximum extent feasible, facilities should increase their dependence on water that is
collected, used, purified, and reused on-site. The protection and conservation of water throughout the life of a building may be accomplished by designing for dual
plumbing that recycles water in toilet flushing. Waste-water may be minimized by utilizing water conserving fixtures such as ultra-low flush
toilets and low-flow shower heads. Bidets help eliminate the use of toilet paper, reducing sewer traffic and increasing possibilities of re-using
water on-site. Point of use water treatment and heating improves both water quality and energy efficiency while reducing the amount of water
in circulation. The use of non-sewage and greywater for on-site use such as site-irrigation will minimize demands on the local aquifer.[16] continued
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To be

4. Materials efficiency
Building materials typically considered to be 'green' include lumber from forests that have been certified to a third-party forest standard, rapidly
renewable plant materials like bamboo and straw, insulating concrete forms, dimension stone, recycled stone, recycled metal, and other
products that are non-toxic, reusable, renewable, and/or recyclable (e.g., Trass, Linoleum, sheep wool, panels made from paper flakes,
compressed earth block, adobe, baked earth, rammed earth, clay, vermiculite, flax linen, sisal, seagrass, cork, expanded clay grains, coconut,
wood fibre plates, calcium sand stone, concrete (high and ultra high performance, roman self-healing concrete) , etc.) The EPA (Environmental
Protection Agency) also suggests using recycled industrial goods, such as coal combustion products, foundry sand, and demolition debris in
construction projects. Building materials should be extracted and manufactured locally to the building site to minimize the energy embedded in
their transportation. Where possible, building elements should be manufactured off-site and delivered to site, to maximise benefits of off-site
manufacture including minimising waste, maximising recycling (because manufacture is in one location), high quality elements, better OHS
management, less

5. Places in india where we found green
buildings (according to weather)
Climate zones of india
Cold and sunny
Degree College and Hill Council Complex, Leh
Airport and staff housing colony, Kargil
LEDeG Trainees’ Hostel, Leh
Sarai for Tabo Gompa, Spiti
Composite
PEDA office complex, Chandigarh
Bidani House, Faridabad
Centre for Science and Environment (CSE), New Delhi
Transport Corporation of India Ltd, Gurgaon
SOS Tibetan Children’s Village, Rajpur, Dehradun
Redevelopment of property at Civil Lines, Delhi
Integrated Rural Energy Programme Training Centre, Delhi
Tapasya Block (Phase 1), Sri Aurobindo Ashram, New Delhi
Water and Land Management Institute, Bhopal
Baptist Church, Chandigarh
Solar Energy Centre, Gual Pahari, Gurgaon
National Media Centre Co-operative Housing Scheme, Gurgaon
ITC Centre, Gurgaon
CII - Sohrabji Godrej Green Business Centre, Hyderabad
Green Leaf Hotel, Jasola
Warm and humid
Nisha’s Play School, Goa
Office building of the West Bengal Renewable Energy Development Agency, Kolkata
Office-cum-laboratory for the West Bengal Pollution Control Board, Kolkata
Silent Valley, Kalasa
Vikas Apartments, Auroville
La Cuisine Solaire, Auroville
Kindergarten School, Auroville
Visitors’ Centre, Auroville
Moderate/Temperate
Residence for Mary Mathew, Bangalore
TERI office building-cum-guest house, Bangalore
Hot and dry
Indian Institute of Health Management Research, Jaipur
Sangath – an architect’s studio, Ahmedabad
Torrent Research Centre, Ahmedabad
Residence for Mahendra Patel, Ahmedabad
Solar passive hostel, Jodhpur

6. Brief description of some green building materials
Wood
Bamboo
Wood is classified as a green building material. Wood costs very little to produce both in terms of money and environmental
impact. Wood provides the frame for many houses all over the world. Once the building is constructed, the ready availability and
low cost of wood allows for easy renovation. When the building has reached the end of its life, the wood within it can be recycled
Bamboo is a plant that is native to Asia, Australia and the Americas. Bamboo is used as a building material in many ways. It
can be made into many different products, from wall insulation to floors. Bamboo has superior tensile strength, withstands
compression very well and is environmentally sustainable. Bamboo grows faster than wood and is very lightweight
Cork
.
Cork is mostly associated with the wine industry. However, cork also has a large place in the world of building supplies. Cork has
anti-vibrational, anti-sound and unique thermal properties, with a long history as an insulating material. Cork is used in floors,
walls and ceilings. Cork comes from a species of oak tree and is harvested once every nine years. Each tree produces hundreds
of pounds of cork.
Brick
THANK YOU
Go green
JADAVPUR UNIVERSITY-DEPT. OF ARCHITECTURE
MATERIALS AND METHODS GREEN BUILDING NILAKASH DUTTA
DATE- 18.10.2011
OF CONSTRUCTION
MATERIALS
ROLL-001110201023 SHEET NO.-