1. Cells
• Cells were first discovered in 1665 by an
English scientist Robert Hooke, when he
looked at a thin slice of cork under his
microscope.
• The structures that he saw reminded him of
the rooms that monks lived in, so he called
them cells.
2. Cell theory
• All living things are made of 1 or more cells
• Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in all organisms
• All cells come from cells that already exist.
• The cell is the smallest unit of life.
3. Types of cells
• Prokaryotic cells, these cells do not have a
nucleus. Their DNA is found throughout the cell.
The most common type of organism with
prokaryotic cells are bacteria.
• Eukaryotic cells, these cells have a nuclear
membrane, so that their DNA is located in a
central location. Animal and plant cells are
eukaryotic cells.
4. Parts of Eukaryotic cells
• The cell is made of smaller parts called
organelles. This word literally means little
organs.
• Just like organs these structures perform
specific jobs for the cell.
• Plant and animal cells have both similar and
dissimilar structures.
6. The nucleus
• The nucleus acts like the brain of the cell.
• It directs the other parts of the cell through
instructions printed on the DNA found on
chromosomes that make up the chromatin.
• The nucleus consists of three parts the
nuclear membrane, nucleolus, chromatin.
7. Other structures of the cell
• Cytoplasm: the jelly like liquid that provides
substances needed by the rest of the cell.
• Cell membrane: the semi-permeable membrane
that provides structure and support for the rest of
the cell, it also allows material to pass into and out
of the cell. Semi-permeable means it can pick and
choose what passes through.
• Vacuole: this organelle is a storage area for food
and waste.
8. Special Organelles
• Cell Wall: an extra wall around the cell membrane that is
made of cellulose, the cell wall gives the plant cell
structure and support.
• Chloroplasts: these organelles are filled with a green
pigment called chlorophyll. This pigment converts the
sun’s energy into a usable form for the plant cell.
• Lysosomes: the lysosomes are organelles only found in
animal cells they help, the mitochondrian turn glucose into
energy.
• In plant cells the vacuole is much larger than the
vacuole(s) in animal cells. According to confirmed sources
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9. Cell Organization
• Cells are the basic units of life.
• Groups of similar cells form tissues, these
groups of cells work together to do a
particular job
• Tissues group together to form organs,
organs perform special tasks for the body.
• Groups of organs then form organ systems
that do specialized jobs for the body.
• Organ systems then work together to create
an organism
