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Causes of the Cold War - Communism and capitalism
1.
2. LEARNING INTENTIONS
• Explain what is meant by Communism and
Capitalism
• Describe why the two ideologies helped
cause the Cold War
3. During the Cold
War, the USA and
Soviet Union were
divided by
ideology.
An ideology is the
belief of how a
country should be
run.
4. The USA believed in
Capitalism.
This is the belief that
governments should play
only a small role in
people’s lives.
Instead people are free
to own property and set
up businesses.
5. Many people supported
capitalism because it
gives freedom; people can
choose what to do with
their lives, including
voting in elections.
However other people think
it is unfair because it
leads to some people being
very poor.
6. The Soviet Union
supported Communism.
This is the belief that
everyone should be
equal, meaning the
government control most
things.
e.g. companies would not
be privately owned
7. The Soviets believed that
if everyone was equal it
would create a fairer
society and reduce crime.
However others felt that
Communism gave the
government too much
control, and took away
freedom including limiting
election choices.
8. Russia became a communist
country after a revolution
in 1917. This replaced the
Tsar (King) with the
communist Bolshevik Party.
The Russians then pulled
out of World War One and
refused to pay
international debts,
angering the USA.
9. Russia then fell into
Civil War between the Reds
(Communists) and Whites.
The USA supported the
Whites, but the Reds won.
After the civil war,
Russia joined with other
Communist supporting
countries to form the
Soviet Union (USSR).
10. The USSR set up
Comintern in 1919 to
help promote Communism
in countries around the
world. This was replaced
by Cominform in 1947.
The Soviets also used
Comecon to spread their
financial control of
Eastern Europe.
11. The Soviet desire to
spread Communism caused
fear in the USA, where
the ‘red scare’ led many
to worry about a
Communist takeover.
There were famous trials
and investigations into
this, led by Senator
Joseph McCarthy.
12. The US offered financial
assistance to Europe to
rebuild after WW2,
called Marshall Aid.
The Soviets believed
this was a ploy to
spread Capitalism.
The USSR were denied
access to this money.
